An electric-blast system for rock fragmentation

Rim, Geun-Hie; Cho, Chuhyun; Lee, Hong Sik; Pavlov, E.P.

doi:10.1109/ppc.1999.825438

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Applications include medical accelerators, welding and cutting, laser supplies, radar systems and particle accelerators. Emerging uses include the sterilization of liquids and foods (via electroporation) [19,20], juice extraction [21], rock crushing [22], electromagneticallypowered transportation [23]. Marx generators are extensively used also for simulating the effects of lightning during high voltage and for aviation equipment testing.…”

Section: The Bouncer Modulator Key Components and Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Klystron switching power supplies for the Internation Linear Collider

Fraioli¹,

Cassino²,

Infn³

2009

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The International Linear Collider is a majestic High Energy Physics particle accelerator that will give physicists a new cosmic doorway to explore energy regimes beyond the reach of today's accelerators. ILC will complement the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a proton-proton collider at the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland, by producing electron-positron collisions at center of mass energy of about 500 GeV. In particular, the subject of this dissertation is the R&D for a solid state Marx Modulator and relative switching power supply for the International Linear Collider Main LINAC Radio Frequency stations. v Table of Contents Abstract ii Acknowledgements iii Dedication iv Index v List of Tables viii List of Figures ix vi Bibliography viii LIST OF TABLES 2.01 Electrons Source System parameters 2.02 Nominal Positron Source parameters. 2.03 Positron Damping Ring parameters; the Electron Damping Ring is identical except for a smaller injected emittance. 2.04 Basic beam parameters of the RTML. 2.05 Nominal beam parameters in the ILC Main Linac. 2.06 ILC 9-cell Superconducting Cavity layout parameters. 2.07 Properties of high-RRR (residual resistivity ratio) Niobium suitable for use in ILC Cavities. 2.08 RF Unit parameters. 2.09 10MW MBK parameters. 2.10 Modulator Specifications & Requirements Assuming Klystron µP=3.38, Effy= 65%. 2.11 Superconducting RF modules in the ILC, excluding the two 6-cavity energy compressor cryomodules located in the electron and positron LTRs. 2.12 Possible division of responsibilities for the 3 sample sites (ILC Units). 2.13 Distribution of the ILC Value Estimate by area system and common infrastructure, in ILC Units. The estimate for the experimental detectors for particle physics is not included. 2.14 Explicit labor, which may be supplied by collaborating laboratories or institutions, listed by Global, Technical, and some Area-specific Systems. 2.15 Composition of the management structure at ILC. ix LIST OF FIGURES 1.01 Feynman diagrams for Higgsstrahlung (top) and WW fusion (bottom). Right: cross sections of the two processes as function of the center of mass energy for Higgs masses of 200 and 320 GeV/c 2. 1.02 SM and MSSM predictions for g ttH versus g WWH and expected precision of the corresponding LHC and ILC measurements 1.03 Reconstructed mass sum and difference for HA→ 4b for masses of m H = 250 GeV/c 2 and m A = 300 GeV/c 2 at a center of mass energy of 800 GeV/c 2. 1.04 Left: Production mechanism for e + e-→ γG, the graviton escapes into extra dimensions. Right: The cross section of this process as a function of the center of mass energy for different numbers of extra dimensions. The points with error bars indicate the precision of the ILC measurements. 1.05 Dark matter relic density versus WIMP mass in the LCC1 SUSY scenario. Possible parameter choices are indicated as black dots, which are compared to the sensitivity of present and future measurements from satellite and accelerator based experiments. 2.01 A schematic layout of the International L...

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Section: The Bouncer Modulator Key Components and Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Klystron switching power supplies for the Internation Linear Collider

Fraioli¹,

Cassino²,

Infn³

2009

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“…In the second process, the electric current flows through the rock, preferentially along mineral grain interfaces that induce tensile and branching cracks at the boundary interfaces, either by heating and differential expansion or by a shock wave induced by the electrical impulse itself. Both processes have been examined experimentally on rock and concrete by multiple researchers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. However, the electrofracturing process has not previously been systematically evaluated at elevated pressures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrofracturing of Shale at Elevated Pressure

Bauer,

Glover,

Williamson

et al. 2024

Energies

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Electrofracturing deeply buried shale formations could be used to increase reservoir permeability and improve reservoir production without requiring large volumes of freshwater. This paper describes a novel experimental system and initial test results to electrofracture shale under high confining pressures. Core-scale laboratory testing was performed on twelve rock samples recovered from a shale gas reservoir. Each sample was subjected to confining pressures of 20.7 MPa (3000 psi) or 58.6 MPa (8000 psi), representative of overburden pressures at depth. Samples were then subjected to application of high voltage until specimen fracture. The experiments produced deformed samples with multiple fracture types, both parallel and oblique to bedding planes. Electrofracturing increased permeabilities by up to nine orders of magnitude for extended time periods. Rock fracture and throughgoing fractures were demonstrated. Computed tomography images revealed the creation of fractures and tube/tunnel flow channels, which resisted closure under hydrostatic pressures up to 58.6 MPa. The breakdown energy and permeability changes in the sample were independent of applied confining pressure. The cumulative energy input required for fracture depended on applied confining pressure and sample length. The energy required to fracture samples up to 9 cm in length is generally more than 0.5 kJ/cm, but no greater than 1 kJ/cm. Our results show that electrofracture of shales under confining pressure is possible and could be a possible water-free mechanism for reservoir stimulation.

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“…The first patent application for using the electrical discharge was in fracturing in 1992 by Kitzinger and Nantel under the name of the Plasma Blasting (PB) method [22,23]. Since then, many experimental and numerical studies and patents investigated the development of the PB technology, apparatus, and applications in rock fracturing and fragmentations in addition to cracking characteristics resulting from repetitive shocks [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. PB depends mainly on the electrical discharge, while on the other hand, our proposed method, UEWE, utilizes the wire explosion to generate more energy than the deposited energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Energy Design Optimization for Underwater Electrical Shockwave for Fracturing Applications

Awad,

Eltaleb,

Soliman

2024

Geosciences

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Underwater electrical shockwave can be used as a waterless, chemical-free, and environmentally friendly fracturing technique. A detailed experimental study was performed to develop a correlation between the optimum energy required to generate a shockwave that could be used in fracturing rock samples with the wire weight and diameter as independent factors. In addition, the effect of the water volume on the Underwater Electrical Wire Explosion (UEWE) was investigated to quantify the effect of the wellbore fluid volume in the fracturing process. The effect of increasing the discharge energy on the current waveform rising rate, peak amplitude, and fracturing geometry was investigated. A baseline for implementing the shockwave fracturing method on cement and limestone samples was defined to be used in future work. The results show that the water volume has a significant effect on the results of the experiment. A correlation was developed that defined the optimum minimum energy required to burn a certain wire weight with consideration to the wire diameter. Using the optimum required energy or higher will increases the current peak amplitude with the same current waveform rise rate, which leads to higher energy deposition into the wire and prevents the premature breakdown of the wire. The generated shockwave was used to successfully fracture cement and limestone cubic samples.

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An electric-blast system for rock fragmentation

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

Klystron switching power supplies for the Internation Linear Collider

Klystron switching power supplies for the Internation Linear Collider

Electrofracturing of Shale at Elevated Pressure

Experimental Study of Energy Design Optimization for Underwater Electrical Shockwave for Fracturing Applications

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