Klystron switching power supplies for the Internation Linear Collider

Abstract

The International Linear Collider is a majestic High Energy Physics particle accelerator that will give physicists a new cosmic doorway to explore energy regimes beyond the reach of today's accelerators. ILC will complement the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a proton-proton collider at the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland, by producing electron-positron collisions at center of mass energy of about 500 GeV. In particular, the subject of this dissertation is the R&D for a solid state Marx Modulator and relative switching power supply for the International Linear Collider Main LINAC Radio Frequency stations. v Table of Contents Abstract ii Acknowledgements iii Dedication iv Index v List of Tables viii List of Figures ix vi Bibliography viii LIST OF TABLES 2.01 Electrons Source System parameters 2.02 Nominal Positron Source parameters. 2.03 Positron Damping Ring parameters; the Electron Damping Ring is identical except for a smaller injected emittance. 2.04 Basic beam parameters of the RTML. 2.05 Nominal beam parameters in the ILC Main Linac. 2.06 ILC 9-cell Superconducting Cavity layout parameters. 2.07 Properties of high-RRR (residual resistivity ratio) Niobium suitable for use in ILC Cavities. 2.08 RF Unit parameters. 2.09 10MW MBK parameters. 2.10 Modulator Specifications & Requirements Assuming Klystron µP=3.38, Effy= 65%. 2.11 Superconducting RF modules in the ILC, excluding the two 6-cavity energy compressor cryomodules located in the electron and positron LTRs. 2.12 Possible division of responsibilities for the 3 sample sites (ILC Units). 2.13 Distribution of the ILC Value Estimate by area system and common infrastructure, in ILC Units. The estimate for the experimental detectors for particle physics is not included. 2.14 Explicit labor, which may be supplied by collaborating laboratories or institutions, listed by Global, Technical, and some Area-specific Systems. 2.15 Composition of the management structure at ILC. ix LIST OF FIGURES 1.01 Feynman diagrams for Higgsstrahlung (top) and WW fusion (bottom). Right: cross sections of the two processes as function of the center of mass energy for Higgs masses of 200 and 320 GeV/c 2. 1.02 SM and MSSM predictions for g ttH versus g WWH and expected precision of the corresponding LHC and ILC measurements 1.03 Reconstructed mass sum and difference for HA→ 4b for masses of m H = 250 GeV/c 2 and m A = 300 GeV/c 2 at a center of mass energy of 800 GeV/c 2. 1.04 Left: Production mechanism for e + e-→ γG, the graviton escapes into extra dimensions. Right: The cross section of this process as a function of the center of mass energy for different numbers of extra dimensions. The points with error bars indicate the precision of the ILC measurements. 1.05 Dark matter relic density versus WIMP mass in the LCC1 SUSY scenario. Possible parameter choices are indicated as black dots, which are compared to the sensitivity of present and future measurements from satellite and accelerator based experiments. 2.01 A schematic layout of the International L...