An El Jobo Mastodon Kill at Taima-taima, Venezuela

Abstract

Excavation at Taima-taima in 1976 recovered artifacts of the El Jobo complex in direct association with the butchered remains of a juvenile mastodon. Radiocarbon dates on associated wood twigs indicate a minimum age of 13,000 years before the present for the mastodon kill, a dating significantly older than that of the Clovis complex in North America. The El Jobo complex must have evolved independently in northern South America.

Single carcass of Mammuthus primigenius with lithic artifacts in the Upper Pleistocene of northern Italy

“…Humans, at different stages of evolution, have variously cohabited with Deinotherium, Elephas recki, Loxodonta atlantica and Loxodonta africana in Africa (Chavaillon et al, 1987;Delagnes et al, 2006;Isaac and Crader, 1981;Klein et al, 2007;Leakey, 1971), with Mammuthus meridionalis, Mammuthus trogontherii and Palaeloxodon antiquus in Western Asia and Europe (Goren-Inbar et al, 1994;Gaudzinski, 2004;Lister, 2004;Mazza et al, 2006;Palombo and Ferretti, 2005;Santonja and Pé rez-Gonzá lez, 2005;Scott, 2007;Villa, 1990;Villa et al, 2005), with Mammuthus primigenius in the open grassland biomes of glacial Eurasia (Callow and Cornford, 1986;Hoffecker, 2002;Schreve, 2006;Stuart, 2005;Vasil'ev, 2001), with Stegodon orientalis in China (Schepartz et al, 2005), with Palaeloxodon naumanni in Japan (Kondo et al, 2001), with Mammut americanum and Mammuthus columbi in North America (Grayson and Meltzer, 2002;Haynes, 1991;Surovell et al, 2005;Surovell and Waguespack, in press), with Cuvieronius as well as with Stegomastodon in South America (Bryan et al, 1978;Dillehay, 1997;Prado et al, 2005;Ranere and Ló pez, 2007). In sum, proboscideans of different genera and species were encountered in all continents except Australia.…”

Presence of <i>Stegomastodon</i> (Gomphotheriidae, Proboscidea) in the Upper Pleistocene of the coastal area of Santa Clara del Mar (Argentina)

“…Los datos referidos a su utilización en la alimentación provienen del sitio Monte Verde en el sur de Chile (Dillehay & Collins, 1988), Taguatagua en Chile central (Montané, 1968), Tibitó en la sabana de Bogotá, Colombia (Correal Urrego, 1981), y Taima-Taima en la Penín-sula de Coro, Venezuela (Bryan et al, 1978). Estos sitios están datados entre ca.…”

Early Inhabitants of the Amazonian Tropical Rain Forest: A Study of Humans and Environmental Dynamics

“…Either way, the data needed to test these theories is unavailable, but it is slowiy emerging as a resuit of the development of extensive palynological research in the area In archaeological ternis the debate over stabilii and the refugium's theory is relevant because the changing environmental conditions of the past have to be understood in order to explain South America's early human occupat i on. (1982) and Pranoe (1982) 1973;Bryan et. al., 1978;Ochsenius and Gruhn 1979).…”