An Efficient Synthesis Strategy for Metal-Organic Frameworks: Dry-Gel Synthesis of MOF-74 Framework with High Yield and Improved Performance

Abstract

Vapor-assisted dry-gel synthesis of the metal-organic framework-74 (MOF-74) structure, specifically Ni-MOF-74 produced from synthetic precursors using an organic-water hybrid solvent system, showed a very high yield (>90% with respect to 2,5-dihydroxyterepthalic acid) and enhanced performance. The Ni-MOF-74 obtained showed improved sorption characteristics towards CO2 and the refrigerant fluorocarbon dichlorodifluoromethane. Unlike conventional synthesis, which takes 72 hours using the tetrahydrofuran-water system, this kinetic study showed that Ni-MOF-74 forms within 12 hours under dry-gel conditions with similar performance characteristics, and exhibits its best performance characteristics even after 24 hours of heating. In the dry-gel conversion method, the physical separation of the solvent and precursor mixture allows for recycling of the solvent. We demonstrated efficient solvent recycling (up to three times) that resulted in significant cost benefits. The scaled-up manufacturing cost of Ni-MOF-74 synthesized via our dry-gel method is 45% of conventional synthesis cost. Thus, for bulk production of the MOFs, the proposed vapor-assisted, dry-gel method is efficient, simple, and inexpensive when compared to the conventional synthesis method.

Metal-organic frameworks for advanced drug delivery

“…Several methods have been exploited to synthesize all kinds of MOFs 110 , 111 ( Fig. 4 ) for drug delivery, such as non-solvothermal synthesis, including direct precipitation and vapor diffusion synthesis 91 , and solvothermal methods, microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis 112 , 113 , synthesis by reverse-phase microemulsions 114 , 115 , 116 , electrochemical synthesis 117 , dry-gel conversion methods 118 , preparation using a microfluidics device 119 , mechanochemical 120 , 121 , 122 or sonochemical synthesis 123 , step-by-step synthesis 124 and high-throughput synthesis methods 125 . The advantages and disadvantages of various synthesis methods are summarized in Table 3 .…”

Evaluation of the BET Theory for the Characterization of Meso and Microporous MOFs

“…Furthermore, since MOFs are also relatively simple to prepare, building components can be well designed which can result in the production of targeted products . Computational calculations have proven to be useful in predictions of interactions between guest hosts and the framework leading to possible synthesis routes for MOFs with required properties .…”

Synthesis of Mesoporous MWCNT/HKUST-1 Composite for Wastewater Treatment

“…Previous studies have shown that MOFs can be synthesized through solvothermal/hydrothermal [14,16], microwave-assisted [17][18][19], sonochemical [20,21], electrochemical [22][23][24], mechanochemical [25,26], ionothermal [27,28], dry gel conversion [29,30], and microfluidic synthesis methods [31,32]. However, the solvothermal technique is the most commonly used method in the synthesis of HKUST-1.…”