An Efficient Superframe Structure with Optimal Bandwidth Utilization and Reduced Delay for Internet of Things Based Wireless Sensor Networks

Khan, Sangrez; Alvi, Ahmad Naseem; Javed, Muhammad Awais; Roh, Byeong‐hee; Ali, Jehad

doi:10.3390/s20071971

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…RDC is an indication of how much time a node spends in its various operational states; transmit, receive, idle, and sleep. Mostly presented in percent, it is directly proportional to power or energy consumption; that is, high RDC indicates high power or energy-consuming operation hence reduced network lifetime, while low RDC indicates otherwise [2,19,38]. Duty Cycle is controlled by varying the values of SO and BO and is expressed by Eq 14.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimized backoff scheme for prioritized data in wireless sensor networks: A class of service approach

et al. 2020

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Data prioritization of heterogeneous data in wireless sensor networks gives meaning to mission-critical data that are time-sensitive as this may be a matter of life and death. However, the standard IEEE 802.15.4 does not consider the prioritization of data. Prioritization schemes proffered in the literature have not adequately addressed this issue as proposed schemes either uses a single or complex backoff algorithm to estimate backoff time-slots for prioritized data. Subsequently, the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance scheme exhibits an exponentially increasing range of backoff times. These approaches are not only inefficient but result in high latency and increased power consumption. In this article, the concept of class of service (CS) was adopted to prioritize heterogeneous data (realtime and non-real-time), resulting in an optimized prioritized backoff MAC scheme called Class of Service Traffic Priority-based Medium Access Control (CSTP-MAC). This scheme classifies data into high priority data (HPD) and low priority data (LPD) by computing backoff times with expressions peculiar to the data priority class. The improved scheme grants nodes the opportunity to access the shared medium in a timely and power-efficient manner. Benchmarked against contemporary schemes, CSTP-MAC attained a 99% packet delivery ratio with improved power saving capability, which translates to a longer operational lifetime.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…aBaseSuperframeDuration is equal to the number of time-slots/ duration or symbols forming a Superframe when SO = 0 (see Eq 3). The duration is given as 960 Symbols [where 1 Symbol = 4 Bits = 16 microseconds (μs)], which corresponds to 15.36ms [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized backoff scheme for prioritized data in wireless sensor networks: A class of service approach

et al. 2020

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“…Multiple solutions are proposed for effectively allocating these CFP slots for delay minimization with increased throughput and assign more GTSs to nodes in comparison of the standard. [22][23][24] However, the focus of most of the previous works alters the standard superframe structure either by extending or shrinking the GTS area to optimize the GTS utilization.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel superframe structure and optimal time slot allocation algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4–based Internet of things

Khan

Alvi

Khan

et al. 2020

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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IEEE 802.15.4 standard is specifically designed for a low-rate and low-processing Internet of things (IoT) applications and offers guaranteed time slots. A beacon-enabled IEEE 802.15.4 consists of a superframe structure that comprises of the contention access period and contention-free period. During contention-free period, nodes transfer their data using guaranteed time slots without any collision. The coordinator node receives data transmission requests in one cycle and allocates guaranteed time slots to the nodes in the next cycle. This allocation process may cause large delay that may not be acceptable for few applications. In this work, a novel superframe structure is proposed that significantly reduces guaranteed time slots allocation delay for the nodes with data requests. The proposed superframe structure comprises of two contention access periods and one contention-free period, where contention-free period precedes both contention access periods with reduced slot size. In addition, the knapsack algorithm is modified for better guaranteed time slots allocation by allowing more guaranteed time slots requesting nodes to send their data as compared to the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The simulation and analytical results show that the proposed superframe structure reduces the network delay by up to 80%, increases contention-free period utilization up to 50%, and allocates guaranteed time slots up to 16 nodes in a single superframe duration.

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“…The main concerns in these MAC protocols include energy efficiency, delay minimization, and better throughput. These MAC protocols also offer nodes scalability, reliability, and adaptability [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel QoS‐Oriented Intrusion Detection Mechanism for IoT Applications

Noorwali

Alvi

Khan

et al. 2021

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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Wireless sensor network (WSN) is an integral part of Internet of Things (IoT). The sensor nodes in WSN generate large sensing data which is disseminated to intelligent servers using multiple wireless networks. This large data is prone to attacks from malicious nodes which become part of the network, and it is difficult to find these adversaries. The work in this paper presents a mechanism to detect adversaries for the IEEE 802.15.4 standard which is a central medium access protocol used in WSN-based IoT applications. The collisions and exhaustion attacks are detected based on a soft decision-based algorithm. In case the QoS of the network is compromised due to large data traffic, the proposed protocol adaptively varies the duty cycle of the IEEE 802.15.4. Simulation results show that the proposed intrusion detection and adaptive duty cycle algorithm improves the energy efficiency of a WSN with a reduced network delay.

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An Efficient Superframe Structure with Optimal Bandwidth Utilization and Reduced Delay for Internet of Things Based Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Optimized backoff scheme for prioritized data in wireless sensor networks: A class of service approach

Optimized backoff scheme for prioritized data in wireless sensor networks: A class of service approach

A novel superframe structure and optimal time slot allocation algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4–based Internet of things

A Novel QoS‐Oriented Intrusion Detection Mechanism for IoT Applications

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