An Efficient, Short Stimulus PANC-1 Cancer Cell Ablation and Electrothermal Therapy Driven by Hydrophobic Interactions

Abstract

Promising results in clinical studies have been demonstrated by the utilization of electrothermal agents (ETAs) in cancer therapy. However, a difficulty arises from the balance between facilitating the degradation of ETAs, and at the same time, increasing the electrothermal performance/stability required for highly efficient treatment. In this study, we controlled the thermal signature of the MoS2 by harnessing MoS2 nanostructures with M13 phage (MNM) via the structural assembling (hydrophobic interaction) phenomena and developed a combined PANC-1 cancer cell–MNM alternating current (AC)-stimulus framework for cancer cell ablation and electrothermal therapy. A percentage decrease in the cell viability of ~23% was achieved, as well as a degradation time of 2 weeks; a stimulus length of 100 μs was also achieved. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed the assembling kinetics in integrated M13 phage–cancer cell protein systems and the structural origin of the hydrophobic interaction-enabled increase in thermal conduction. This study not only introduced an ‘ideal’ agent that avoided the limitations of ETAs but also provided a proof-of-concept application of MoS2-based materials in efficacious cancer therapy.

Shape complementarity processes for ultrashort-burst sensitive M13–PEG–WS2-powered MCF-7 cancer cell sensors

“…3e and f), with an increase in the thickness as a result of the M13 phage (∼10 nm) and the PEG polymer coating (several nm). 75,76…”

“…However, we note that the binding free energy value (this excludes the conformational entropy) for the G3P-HER2 complex (−107.2 kcal mol −1 ) is much more favourable than the value we obtained previously for the G3P-PD-L1 complex (−72.5 kcal mol −1 ). 75 The rootmean-square deviation of Cα atoms reaches a plateau in approximately the last 100 ns in all the simulation runs of the model (ESI Fig. S1 †), indicating that the system is equilibrated and the complex has become stable.…”

“…3e and f ), with an increase in the thickness as a result of the M13 phage (∼10 nm) and the PEG polymer coating (several nm). 75,76 To examine the key point of the PPN for enhancing DBS performance, an electric-field simulation was implemented to investigate the influence of the PPN on the electrical signature of DBS systems. The reading stimuli were applied to the DBS configuration, and electric field distributions were recorded.…”