An efficient hybrid system using a thermionic generator to harvest waste heat from a reforming molten carbonate fuel cell

Huang, Chih‐Ting; Pan, Yuzhuo; Wang, Yuan; Su, Guozhen; Chen, Jincan

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2016.05.028

Cited by 57 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cathode exhaust gases contain a large amount of thermal energy which is used for preheating the inlet air stream and supplying the steam needed by the reformer, because the overall temperature of the FC should maintain constant and also the temperature of the reactants is lower than the needed working temperature by the FC. The performance of MCFCs from different points of view and in more detail are studied in Refs 30,39,41,47,48,51. Anode potential (U an ), cathode potential (U cat ), ohm overpotential (U ohm ), and theoretical maximum potential (U t ) of MCFC can be calculated as follows, respectively 91 : where, j is the current density, p H 2 , an is the partial pressure of hydrogen at the anode, p CO 2 , an is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide at the anode, p H 2 O, an is the partial pressure of water at the anode, p O 2 , cat is the partial pressure of oxygen at the cathode, p CO 2 , cat is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide at the cathode, R is the universal gas constant, T is the operating temperature of the MCFC, En act is the activation energy, F is the Faraday constant, n e is the number of electrons, and U i is the ideal standard potential.…”

Section: Mcfc Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hybridization of FCs is one of the aforementioned approaches which recovers rejected heat of high temperature to enhance the overall performance. Various arrangements of FC‐heat engines setups are feasible . SOFC and MCFC which operate at high temperatures are more suitable for these purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various arrangements of FC-heat engines setups are feasible. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] SOFC and MCFC which operate at high temperatures are more suitable for these purposes. Zhang et al 37 designed a model for a hybrid MCFC-heat engine setup, and evaluated the effective parameters on the system efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi‐objective performance optimization of irreversible molten carbonate fuel cell–Stirling heat engine–reverse osmosis and thermodynamic assessment with ecological objective approach

Ahmadi

Sameti

Pourkiaei

et al. 2018

Energy Science & Engineering

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This paper aims to investigate a hybrid cycle consisting of a molten carbonate fuel cell (FC) and a Stirling engine which, by connecting to a seawater reverse osmosis desalination unit, provides fresh water. First, a parametric evaluation is performed to study the effect of some key parameters, including the current density and the working temperature of the FC and the thermal conductance between the working substance and the heat reservoirs in the Stirling engine, on the objective functions. The objective functions include the energy efficiency, the exergy destruction rate density, the fresh water production rate, and the ecological function density. After investigating each double combination of these objective functions, two scenarios are defined in quest to concurrently optimize three functions together. The first scenario aims to optimize the energy efficiency, the exergy destruction rate density, and the fresh water production rate; and the second scenario attempts to optimize the energy efficiency, the fresh water production rate, and the ecological function density. A multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm joined with the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA‐II) approach is employed to obtain Pareto fronts in each case scenario. In order to ascertain final solutions between Pareto fronts, three fast and robust decision‐making methods are employed including TOPSIS, LINMAP, and Fuzzy. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to critically analyze the performance of the system.

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Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mcfc Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Multi‐objective performance optimization of irreversible molten carbonate fuel cell–Stirling heat engine–reverse osmosis and thermodynamic assessment with ecological objective approach

Ahmadi

Sameti

Pourkiaei

et al. 2018

Energy Science & Engineering

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“…Thermionic cooling is based on thermionic emission that was discovered by Richardson in 1901. Thermionic emission refers to the process where electrons are driven by thermal energy across a surface barrier, which is a hot research topic [4][5][6][7][8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermionic enhanced heat transfer in electronic devices based on 3D Dirac materials

Huang

Lewis

Zhang

2019

Journal of Applied Physics

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We calculate the heat transfer from electronic devices based on three-dimensional Dirac materials without and with thermionic cooling. Without thermionic cooling, the internal temperature of the devices is at best equal to and usually higher than the temperature of the surrounding environment. However, when thermionic cooling is employed to transport heat, the internal temperature can be considerably lower than the environmental temperature. In the proposed thermionic cooling process, the energy efficiency can be as high as 75% of the Carnot efficiency.

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Assessment and conceptual design of a SOFC / TIG / TEG ‐based hybrid propulsion system for a small UAV

Ren

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Improving the electricity output of a propulsion configuration of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can be effective in achieving the targets of controlling fuel consumption and high flight endurance. Recently, fuel cell‐powered UAVs have been developed to achieve these goals. In addition, the use of an integrated fuel cell‐based electric propulsion system can further improve power generation rate. On the other hand, due to the limited reports on fuel cell‐powered UAVs (especially solid oxide fuel cell [SOFC]), it is necessary to conduct more and detailed studies. In this regard, the present article provides a conceptual analysis of a SOFC/thermionic generator (TIG)/thermoelectric generator (TEG) integrated propulsion configuration to produce electric energy of a small UAV. SOFC stack converts chemical energy into electric current and thermal energy. The thermal energy of the stack's exhaust is converted into electric power under two processes in downstream generators. The objective of this work is to calculate the needful power of an UAV at desired mission requirements. The present study presents a new propulsion configuration. In addition, the proposed system's design and modeling as well as provided results are in such a way that the propulsion system can be generalized for any desired size of UAV. The finding revealed that the introduced propulsion configuration could produce nearly 553.7 W of electricity. Moreover, the efficiency of electricity production was close to 49.3%. It was also found that the drone requires nearly 1.3 kW of electric power to perform the intended mission. According to the conceptual evaluation of the proposed propulsion configuration, five scenarios are also suggested to provide the necessary power to the UAV.

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An efficient hybrid system using a thermionic generator to harvest waste heat from a reforming molten carbonate fuel cell

Cited by 57 publications

References 55 publications

Multi‐objective performance optimization of irreversible molten carbonate fuel cell–Stirling heat engine–reverse osmosis and thermodynamic assessment with ecological objective approach

Multi‐objective performance optimization of irreversible molten carbonate fuel cell–Stirling heat engine–reverse osmosis and thermodynamic assessment with ecological objective approach

Thermionic enhanced heat transfer in electronic devices based on 3D Dirac materials

Assessment and conceptual design of a SOFC / TIG / TEG ‐based hybrid propulsion system for a small UAV

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