An efficient, fully parasitic-aware power amplifier design optimization tool

Automatic synthesis of RF front-end blocks using multi-objective evolutionary techniques

“…In the same way, if one neglects the parasitic capacitances for simplification, the LNA gain is given by (3), where the first term refers to the common gate stage (4), and the second to the common source (6).…”

“…This process can be difficult, time-consuming and in most cases implies tradeoffs, e.g., maximize the forward gain of an LNA while maximizing its 1 dB input referred gain compression point. Therefore, the usage of an automatic multi-objective multi-constraint simulation based IC design tool in the design process of RF integrated circuits is justified [3][4][5].…”

Classification of analog synthesis tools based on their architecture selection mechanisms

“…Analog CAD tools based on evolutionary algorithms have been developed to find the optimal parameters of various systems, like RF building blocks (e.g., gaRFeeld [29]), voltage references [74], ADCs [75], op amps [76,77] and power amplifiers (e.g., M-DESIGN [78]). Evolutionary algorithms can also be employed for multi-objective optimization, e.g., WATSON [15] for op amps and [79] for RF systems.…”

Simulation-based analog and RF circuit synthesis using a modified evolutionary strategies algorithm

“…Unlike local search algorithms, global search algorithms have the ability to converge to the global optimum regardless of the starting point. Among various global search techniques, simulated annealing (SA) and evolutionary algorithms (EA) like genetic algorithms (GA) and evolutionary strategies (ES), have been widely used for the synthesis of analog circuits [6,8,12,16,19,[28][29][30][31].…”

“…An algorithm called parallel recombinative simulated annealing [35], that combines ES and SA is used in MAELSTROM. M-DESIGN [28] uses differential evolution (DE) for the optimization of power amplifiers. In [29], a different version of DE, co-evolutionary DE, is proposed and applied to analog circuit optimization.…”