An Efficient Approach for Nitrogen Diffusion and Surface Nitriding of Boron-Titanium Modified Stainless Steel Alloy for Biomedical Applications

Ali, Sarfraz; Rani, Ahmad Majdi Abdul; Mufti, Riaz Ahmad; Hastuty, Sri; Hussain, Murid; Shehzad, Nasir; Baig, Zeeshan; Aliyu, Aliyu M.

doi:10.3390/met9070755

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…SAE 316 L has been used in recent years for biomedical applications. Sintering of the material in a nitrogen atmosphere helps to retain the nickel ions in the stainless steel [81], which would otherwise be released from implants due to local corrosion [82]. Additionally, it is necessary to carry out cell culture studies, such as cytotoxicity assays or cells imaging [83], to verify its biocompatibility.…”

Section: Stainless Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of AM Technologies for Metals in the Sector of Medical Implants

Buj-Corral

Tejo-Otero

Fenollosa-Artés

2020

Metals

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Additive manufacturing (AM) processes have undergone significant progress in recent years, having been implemented in sectors as diverse as automotive, aerospace, electrical component manufacturing, etc. In the medical sector, different devices are printed, such as implants, surgical guides, scaffolds, tissue engineering, etc. Although nowadays some implants are made of plastics or ceramics, metals have been traditionally employed in their manufacture. However, metallic implants obtained by traditional methods such as machining have the drawbacks that they are manufactured in standard sizes, and that it is difficult to obtain porous structures that favor fixation of the prostheses by means of osseointegration. The present paper presents an overview of the use of AM technologies to manufacture metallic implants. First, the different technologies used for metals are presented, focusing on the main advantages and drawbacks of each one of them. Considered technologies are binder jetting (BJ), selective laser melting (SLM), electron beam melting (EBM), direct energy deposition (DED), and material extrusion by fused filament fabrication (FFF) with metal filled polymers. Then, different metals used in the medical sector are listed, and their properties are summarized, with the focus on Ti and CoCr alloys. They are divided into two groups, namely ferrous and non-ferrous alloys. Finally, the state-of-art about the manufacture of metallic implants with AM technologies is summarized. The present paper will help to explain the latest progress in the application of AM processes to the manufacture of implants.

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Section: Stainless Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of AM Technologies for Metals in the Sector of Medical Implants

Buj-Corral

Tejo-Otero

Fenollosa-Artés

2020

Metals

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“…In this study, gas atomized 316L SS powder was used as the matrix to prepare the samples. The amount of boron addition was limited to 0.25 wt.% for activated sintering for maximum densification, as per our previous studies [9,34,38] whereas the amount of niobium was varied from 0.5 wt.% to 2 wt.%. The SEM images and XRD analysis of all the powders used in the study are shown in Figures 1 and 2, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Nitrogen Absorption on Microstructure, Properties and Cytotoxicity Assessment of 316L Stainless Steel Alloy Reinforced with Boron and Niobium

et al. 2019

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In the past, 316L stainless steel (SS) has been the material of choice for implant manufacturing. However, the leaching of nickel ions from the SS matrix limits its usefulness as an implant material. In this study, an efficient approach for controlling the leaching of ions and improving its properties is presented. The composition of SS was modified with the addition of boron and niobium, which was followed by sintering in nitrogen atmosphere for 8 h. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the formation of strong nitrides, indicating the diffusion of nitrogen into the SS matrix. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that a nitride layer was deposited on the sample surface, thereby helping to control the leaching of metal ions. The corrosion resistance of the alloy systems in artificial saliva solution indicated minimal weight loss, indicating improved corrosion resistance. The cytotoxicity assessment of the alloy system showed that the developed modified stainless steel alloys are compatible with living cells and can be used as implant materials.

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“…To increase the performance of this material, the behaviour of simultaneous additions of boron, titanium, and niobium in stainless steel alloy can be examined. For producing a protective surface layer, consolidation factors such as compaction pressure, sintering temperature, and dwell time have not been explored in our previous studies [15,25,38,[40][41][42][43]. This research work examines the effect of material composition on the physical and mechanical properties of modified 316L stainless steel alloy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Modified 316L Stainless Steel Alloy for Biomedical Applications Using Powder Metallurgy

et al. 2022

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AISI 316L stainless steel (SS) is one of the extensively used biomaterials to produce implants and medical devices. It provides a low-cost solution with ample mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility compared to its counterpart materials. However, the implants made of this material are subjected to a short life span in human physiological conditions leading to the leaching of metal ions, thus limiting its use as a biomaterial. In this research, the addition of boron, titanium, and niobium with varying concentrations in the SS matrix has been explored. This paper explores the impact of material composition on modified SS alloy’s physical and mechanical properties. The study’s outcomes specify that the microhardness increases for all the alloy compositions, with a maximum increase of 64.68% for the 2 wt.% niobium added SS alloy. On the other hand, the tensile strength decreased to 297.40 MPa for the alloy containing 0.25 wt.% boron and 2 wt.% titanium additions compared to a tensile strength of 572.50 MPa for pure SS. The compression strength increased from 776 MPa for pure SS to 1408 MPa for the alloy containing niobium and titanium additions in equal concentrations.

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An Efficient Approach for Nitrogen Diffusion and Surface Nitriding of Boron-Titanium Modified Stainless Steel Alloy for Biomedical Applications

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Development of AM Technologies for Metals in the Sector of Medical Implants

Development of AM Technologies for Metals in the Sector of Medical Implants

The Influence of Nitrogen Absorption on Microstructure, Properties and Cytotoxicity Assessment of 316L Stainless Steel Alloy Reinforced with Boron and Niobium

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Modified 316L Stainless Steel Alloy for Biomedical Applications Using Powder Metallurgy

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