“…The problem has been studied so far and obtained many intentions from researchers. Several algorithms, such as Gradient Search Algorithm (GSA) [2], Newton-Raphson Method (NRM) [3], Hopfield Neural Networks (HNN) [4], Simulated Annealing Algorithm (SAA) [5], Evolutionary Programming Algorithm (EPA) [6][7][8], Genetic Algorithm (GA) [9], modified EPA (MEPA) [10], Fast Evolutionary Programming Algorithm (FEPA) [10], Improved FEPA (IFEPA) [10], Hybrid EPA (HEPA) [11], Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) [12], Improved Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (IBFA) [13], Self-Organization Particle Swarm Optimization (SOPSO) [14], Running IFEPA (RIFEPA) [15], Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) [16,17], Clonal Selection Optimization Algorithm (CSOA) [18], Full Information Particle Swarm Optimization (FIPSO) [19], One-Rank Cuckoo Search Algorithm with the applications of Cauchy (ORCSA-Cauchy) and Lévy distribution (ORCSA-Lévy) [20], Cuckoo Search Algorithm with the applications of Gaussian distribution (CSA-Gauss), Cauchy distribution (CSA-Cauchy), and Lévy distribution (CSA-Lévy) [21], Adaptive Cuckoo Search Algorithm (ACSA) [22], Improved Cuckoo Search Algorithm (ICSA) [23], Modified Cuckoo Search Algorithm (MCSA) [24], and Adaptive Selective Cuckoo Search Algorithm (ASCSA) [24] have been applied to solve the problem of hydrothermal scheduling. Almost all of the above-mentioned methods are mainly meta-heuristic algorithms, excluding GSA and NRM.…”