An ecotoxicological approach with transplanted mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) for assessing the impact of tyre reefs immersed along the NW Mediterranean Sea

The recycling and reuse of steelmaking slags — A review

“…This was inline with the previous observation that mussels growing on an artificial tire reef in the French Riviera did not develop as well as those growing in a separate location not in the presence of rubber tires (Risso-de Faverney et al, 2010). To avoid further pollution the French Government would like to remove the tires, unfortunately, the effects that this would have on the environment are unknown, as the sediment left behind would be polluted.…”

“…Overfishing and waste products leaching consequences have had extremely harmful effects on coastal ecosystems around the French Riviera (Carleton Ray and McCormick-Ray, 2014). In the 1980s 8000 m 3 of artificial reefs created of waste rubber tires were deployed to try and remediate the effects of the steadily increasing coastal population (Risso-de Faverney et al, 2010). The artificial reefs intended purpose was to restore the coastal ecosystems, however, they had the opposite effect (Collins et al, 1995).…”

Innovative use of waste tyres: Noise-barriers and geoengineering

“…From the patent description: "A soundproofing wall is described with a support frame (1) and with car tires axially cut at one point, which are divided into equal sectors (7) connected by film hinges (8) by radial incisions (6) in the side walls and connected to the support frame (1 ) fastened sector strips (9) are pulled apart, the sector strips (9) lined up one behind the other in the longitudinal direction forming layers lying on top of one another. In order to create advantageous constructional conditions, it is proposed that the sectors (7) of the sector strips (9) of adjacent layers are offset from one another by half a sector length and that the supporting structure (1) extends over the layers continuously and in a grid spacing corresponding to half the sector length Has connecting anchors (5) which penetrate the sectors (7) of the sector strips (9) in the longitudinal center and support the film hinges (8) between the sectors (7) of the sector strips (9) on the outside facing away from the incisions (6)." Fig.…”

“…in cement factories, which causes emissions, due to their carbonaceous nature and sulfur content. Use of waste tyres for artificial reef creation is an alternative application [4], [5]. A new approach is the pyrolysis of tyres to yield pyrolysis oil [6] as diesel replacement or carbon black [7] as pigment.…”

Assessment of French artificial reefs: due to limitations of research, trends may be misleading

“…9). One publication analyzed the potential toxic chemical effects of old tires that comprise artificial reefs in Golfe-Juan, involving the transplantation of marine mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, to sites located above tires blocks or reference site (Risso de Faverney et al, 2010). The objectives of the ARs are given in Table 1.…”