An early-flowering einkorn wheat mutant with deletions of PHYTOCLOCK 1/LUX ARRHYTHMO and VERNALIZATION 2 exhibits a high level of VERNALIZATION 1 expression induced by vernalization

Nishiura, Aiko; Kitagawa, Satoshi; Matsumura, Mina; Kazama, Yusuke; Abe, Tomoko; Mizuno, Nobuyuki; Nasuda, Shuhei; Murai, Koji

doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2018.01.002

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The X-ray-induced einkorn mutant KU104-2 (KT3-5) exhibited an early-flowering phenotype due to a deletion of a clock-component-gene WPCL1 (Mizuno et al 2012). As the original strain KU104-1 lacks a VRN2 locus as a natural variation (Nishiura et al 2014(Nishiura et al , 2018, KU104-2 doesnʼt have both WPCL1 and VRN2. In a previous study, we developed an early-flowering mutant, extra-early flowering 3 (exe3) with a deletion of WPCL1 by heavy-ion beam irradiation of KU104-1 (Nishiura et al 2014(Nishiura et al , 2018.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the original strain KU104-1 lacks a VRN2 locus as a natural variation (Nishiura et al 2014(Nishiura et al , 2018, KU104-2 doesnʼt have both WPCL1 and VRN2. In a previous study, we developed an early-flowering mutant, extra-early flowering 3 (exe3) with a deletion of WPCL1 by heavy-ion beam irradiation of KU104-1 (Nishiura et al 2014(Nishiura et al , 2018. Analysis of exe3 and KU104-2 revealed that the loss of function of WPCL1 resulted in early flowering in wheat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Arabidopsis mutant, the LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) gene is repressed and TIMING OF CAB2 EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) is activated under SD conditions (Hazen et al 2005). Our previous data indicated that WLHY was down-regulated and WTOC1 was up-regulated in the exe3 mutant under SD conditions (Nishiura et al 2018). The altered gene expression patterns were also observed in KU104-2 (Mizuno et al 2012).…”

Section: Phytochrome-interacting Factor 4 (Pif4)mentioning

confidence: 95%

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Characterization of late heading 1, a Heavy-Ion Beam Irradiation-Induced Mutant in Einkorn Wheat (Triticum monococcum) that Suppresses an Early-Flowering Phenotype in Plants with Deletion of PHYTOCLOCK 1

et al. 2023

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The einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum) strain KU104-2 is an early-flowering line that was generated by X-irradiation of the einkorn wheat strain KU104-1. The early-flowering KU104-2 heads about one month earlier than KU104-1 and has a deletion of the biological-clock-component gene PHYTOCLOCK 1/LUX ARRHYTHMO (PCL1/LUX). In this study, we characterize a newly induced mutant named late-heading 1 (lh1) that was generated by heavy-ion beam irradiation of KU104-2. This new mutant shows partial suppression of the early-flowering phenotype of KU104-2. Under field conditions, lh1 plants head about one week later than KU104-2; lh1 mutants show no other significant differences in agricultural traits such as plant height, spike length, and spikelet number per spike compared with KU104-2. Analysis of plant development in a growth chamber showed that lh1 mutants exhibit a late-flowering phenotype under short-day (SD) conditions, but not under long-day (LD) conditions. This late-flowering phenotype under SD conditions is associated with the downregulation of the flowering promoter gene VERNALIZATION 1 (VRN1) in leaves of plants at the 5 th -leaf stage of growth, i.e., at the late vegetative phase. Our findings suggest that the expression level of VRN1 in the vegetative phase under short-day conditions is important for the determination of flowering time in wheat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phytochrome-interacting Factor 4 (Pif4)mentioning

confidence: 95%

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Characterization of late heading 1, a Heavy-Ion Beam Irradiation-Induced Mutant in Einkorn Wheat (Triticum monococcum) that Suppresses an Early-Flowering Phenotype in Plants with Deletion of PHYTOCLOCK 1

et al. 2023

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“…Surprisingly, a significant up-regulation of WFT was observed in exe4 mutants, presumably as a consequence of their loss of photoperiodic response which would otherwise suppress WFT expression. Previously, we demonstrated that the exe3 mutant has a deletion of the clock component gene PCL1/LUX (abbreviated as Wheat PCL1, WPCL1) (Nishiura et al 2018). We proposed a model for the extra early-flowering phenotype in the exe3 mutants based on a model for wheat flowering gene network presented by Shimada et al (2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Einkorn Wheat (Triticum monococcum) Mutant Extra-Early Flowering 4, Generated by Heavy-Ion Beam Irradiation, Has a Deletion of the LIGHT-REGULATED WD1 Homolog

et al. 2021

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A mutant showing extra early-flowering and named extra early-flowering4 (exe4) was induced in a previous study by heavy-ion beam mutagenesis of Triticum monococcum strain KU104-1. The exe4 mutant shows heading about 45 days earlier than wild-type KU104-1 in the field. In the present study, we sought to identify the gene that was mutated in exe4 by performing a modified whole-genome sequencing analysis. This analysis exploited a short-read library preparation that uses a modified adaptor and duplex-specific nuclease (DSN) for the efficient elimination of highly repeated sequence elements within genomes. The whole-genome sequence analysis and PCR analysis using an M 2 segregation line indicated that the extra-early flowering phenotype of exe4 is associated with a deletion of a gene for a WD repeat protein, named here WHEAT WD REPEAT 1 (WWDR1). Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences showed that the gene is a homolog of Arabidopsis LIGHT-REGULATED WD1 (LWD1) and LWD2, which are circadian clock regulatory genes.

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“…Vrn1 was cloned by chromosome walking in diploid wheat and encodes a MADS-box transcription factor, which is homologous to the Arabidopsis APETALA1 with a protein-binding site (CArG-box) in the promoter region [ 16 ]. Vrn1 can directly activate Vrn-B3 expression under LD conditions [ 19 , 20 ]. It could be significantly up-regulated by prolonged exposure to a cold environment and directly accelerates the transition to reproductive development at the shoot apex, but Vrn1 is not essential gene of wheat flowering since Vrn1 mutants (with premature stop codon of Vrn-A1 , Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 ) can flower and produce seeds under both vernalized and unvernalized conditions, suggesting the existence of other wheat flowering association genes that make wheat cultivars preferable adapted to vagaries of climate [ 21 ].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene regulatory network and abundant genetic variation play critical roles in heading stage of polyploidy wheat

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThe extensive adaptability of polyploidy wheat is attributed to its complex genome, and accurately controlling heading stage is a prime target in wheat breeding process. Wheat heading stage is an essential growth and development processes since it starts at a crucial point in the transition from vegetative phase to reproductive phase.Main bodyHeading stage is mainly decided by vernalization, photoperiod, hormone (like gibberellic acid, GA), and earliness per se (Eps). As a polyploidy species, common wheat possesses the abundant genetic variation, such as allelic variation, copy number variation etc., which have a strong effect on regulation of wheat growth and development. Therefore, understanding genetic manipulation of heading stage is pivotal for controlling the heading stage in wheat. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in the genetic regulatory mechanisms and abundant variation in genetic diversity controlling heading stage in wheat, as well as the interaction mechanism of different signals and the contribution of different genetic variation. We first summarized the genes involved in vernalization, photoperoid and other signals cross-talk with each other to control wheat heading stage, then the abundant genetic variation related to signal components associated with wheat heading stage was also elaborated in detail.ConclusionOur knowledge of the regulatory network of wheat heading can be used to adjust the duration of the growth phase for the purpose of acclimatizing to different geographical environments.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-018-1591-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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An early-flowering einkorn wheat mutant with deletions of PHYTOCLOCK 1/LUX ARRHYTHMO and VERNALIZATION 2 exhibits a high level of VERNALIZATION 1 expression induced by vernalization

Cited by 13 publications

References 46 publications

Characterization of <i>late heading 1</i>, a Heavy-Ion Beam Irradiation-Induced Mutant in Einkorn Wheat (<i>Triticum monococcum</i>) that Suppresses an Early-Flowering Phenotype in Plants with Deletion of <i>PHYTOCLOCK 1</i>

Characterization of <i>late heading 1</i>, a Heavy-Ion Beam Irradiation-Induced Mutant in Einkorn Wheat (<i>Triticum monococcum</i>) that Suppresses an Early-Flowering Phenotype in Plants with Deletion of <i>PHYTOCLOCK 1</i>

Einkorn Wheat (<i>Triticum monococcum</i>) Mutant <i>Extra-Early Flowering 4</i>, Generated by Heavy-Ion Beam Irradiation, Has a Deletion of the <i>LIGHT-REGULATED WD1</i> Homolog

Gene regulatory network and abundant genetic variation play critical roles in heading stage of polyploidy wheat

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