“…It is essential to develop a high-performance non-volatile memory that can be implemented as hardware. The performance indicators of non-volatile memory are linearity [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], retention [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], endurance [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], the number of conductance states [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], power consumption, [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ] and device variation [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Improvement of synaptic characteristics by optimization of the device can simply enhance the performance of neuromorphic systems.…”