An early arabic inscription from Petra carrying diacritic marks

Al-Ghul, Omar

doi:10.3406/syria.2004.7779

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…These instances of graffiti could have emerged in a non-literate community; they do not manifest features of systematic notation, nor did they serve any practical purposes. The ability to write things down was most likely acquired through contact between the particular groups of nomads or even individuals 22 . In the case of nomadic people, apart from the Ancient South Arabian script, the Greek alphabet was also occasionally used in ANA notation.…”

Section: The Linguistic Situation and What We Know About Writing In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation and the development of the Arabic script from the earliest times until its standardisation

Prochwicz-Studnicka¹

2019

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The article overviews and systematises the theories and hypotheses, in the current paleographical discourse, that refer to the beginning of the Arabic script and the paths and the causes of its development until the 10th century, when this script was standardised. The article briefly discusses the linguistic situation in the Arabian Peninsula beginning from the 1st millennium BC and the issue of the diffusion of the Ancient South Arabian script in the notation of the proto-Arabic dialects. Subsequently it presents hypotheses devoted to the origin of the Arabic script and the probable paths through which the Nabataean script made its way to the Arabian Peninsula. It presents the current state of knowledge in reference to the development of the Arabic writing, the causes and the nature of the changes in the graphical form of the script. All of these elements are presented in the context of the cultural and socio-political changes which accompanied these processes in the Arabian Peninsula and in the Near East.

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Section: The Linguistic Situation and What We Know About Writing In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation and the development of the Arabic script from the earliest times until its standardisation

Prochwicz-Studnicka¹

2019

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“…48 By contrast, Omar Al-Ghul has recently published a single-word inscription on wood in Arabic script bearing diacritics, discovered alongside late sixth-and early seventh-century Greek papyri at Petra. 49 If authentically ancient, the text would provide direct evidence of pre-Islamic usage of diacritics in Arabic: however, some scholars have suggested a modern provenance for the text. 50 Several scholars place the origin of Arabic diacritics in the context of the gradual evolution of the Nabataean Aramaic script into the Arabic script in the centuries before the emergence of Islam.…”

Section: The Emergence Of Arabic Diacritics In Myth and Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting the Dots: Diacritics, Scribal Culture, and the Qurʾān in the First/Seventh Century

Bursi¹

2018

Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association

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Modern historians assert that the earliest manuscripts of the Qurʾān were written in an Arabic scriptio defectiva, devoid of orthographic aids such as consonantal diacritics and vowel markers. In fact, the earliest extant manuscripts-those in the Ḥijāzī script, dated to the first/seventh century-do exhibit consonantal diacritics, though only sporadically and insufficiently to create a completely unambiguous text. Previous studies have provided inconclusive results regarding the uses of these spare diacritics and have suggested that scribes may have purposefully excluded them from Qurʾān manuscripts in order to allow different readings of the text to coexist in the same manuscripts. Focusing on the few diacritics that do appear in early manuscripts, this paper situates early Qurʾān manuscripts within the context of other Arabic documents of the first/seventh century that exhibit similarly infrequent diacritics. Shared patterns in the usages of diacritics indicate that early Qurʾān manuscripts were produced by scribes relying upon very similar orthographic traditions to those that produced Arabic papyri and inscriptions of the first/seventh century.

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“…The way Arabic was vocalised is indicated by the presence of transliterated Arabic words found in Greek inscriptions (Macdonald M.C.A., : 303; 2004: 488–489; 2009: 21–23; 2010: 16–17, 21; Hoyland, : 232–233; : 34; Fiema et al., : 397; Kaplony, : 2–3; al‐Jallad, : 2, 6; forthcoming). There are many Arabic words in the Greek Petra papyri (see for instance al‐Jallad, al‐Ghul, & Daniel, : 23; Kaplony, ) and there is an Arabic inscription on wood from the same context as the Greek archive, which dates to the end of the sixth/beginning of the seventh century AD, which also has diacritic marks, making it the earliest attested Arabic inscription with diacritics (al‐Ghul, ).…”

Section: Papyrological Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragments of an early Islamic Arabic papyrus from Khirbet Hamrā Ifdān

Friedman

Vorderstrasse

Mairs

et al. 2017

Arab Archaeol Epigr

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Excavations in 2013 at the site of Khirbet Hamr a Ifd an in the Fayn an revealed several pieces of an Arabic papyrus, the first ever found in Jordan. Although the papyrus is poorly preserved, a detailed analysis of the fragments based on parallels have suggested that it dates to the late seventh/early-mid-eighth century AD.This article discusses the papyrus fragments and places them within their papyrological and archaeological contexts.

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An early arabic inscription from Petra carrying diacritic marks

Abstract: iP l_£JJl ÂJUjJl oLo^Jl t_jL«iji >u> Â^^J

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

The formation and the development of the Arabic script from the earliest times until its standardisation

The formation and the development of the Arabic script from the earliest times until its standardisation

Connecting the Dots: Diacritics, Scribal Culture, and the Qurʾān in the First/Seventh Century

Fragments of an early Islamic Arabic papyrus from Khirbet Hamrā Ifdān

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