An Autophagy Inducing Triterpene Saponin Derived from Aster koraiensis

Abstract

Autophagy is an important self-degradative mechanism that plays a key role in treating neurodegeneration diseases. This research aimed at discovering bioactive compounds from Aster koraiensis. A new triterpene saponin, astersaponin I (1), was isolated from the EtOH extract of A. koraiensis. The structure of 1 was characterized by spectroscopic methods, ECD calculation, and acid hydrolysis. The biochemical analysis showed that compound 1 significantly increased the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3-II) expression in SH-SY5Y cells, which indicates the induction of autophagy. Thus, further study may be needed to clarify whether compound 1 exerts beneficial effects on neurodegeneration diseases like Parkinson’s disease through autophagy induction.

Astersaponin I from Aster koraiensis is a natural viral fusion blocker that inhibits the infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants and syncytium formation

“…By analyzing MS and 1D NMR spectroscopic data ( Supplementary Figs. S1–3 ) and comparing with published literature, the chemical structure of the triterpenoid saponin was identified as astersaponin I (AI) ( Kwon et al, 2019 ). AI consists of 30-carbon triterpene backbone with two sugars at position C3 and a hydrophilic oligosaccharide chain attached at position C28 ( Fig.…”

“…AK is a perennial herb native to Korea and has long been used as a food ingredient and herbal medicine for treating several diseases including diabetes, chronic bronchitis, pertussis, and pneumonia ( Hyun et al, 2018 ; Kim et al, 2018 ). Al was recently isolated from AK as a new triterpenoid saponin and its autophagy regulating function was reported ( Kwon et al, 2019 ). However, other biological activities including the antiviral effect of AI have never been explored elsewhere.…”

Neuroprotective Effect of Astersaponin I against Parkinson's Disease through Autophagy Induction

“…The process of Aster koraiensis extraction and compound isolation is described in another published research ( Kwon et al ., 2019 ). Briefly the plant was ground by a pulverizer, and then was extracted with 95 % EtOH solution.…”

“…AKNS is used in traditional Korean medicine for treating diseases such as diabetes, chronic bronchitis, pertussis, and pneumonia ( Hyun et al ., 2018 ; Kim et al ., 2018 ). Recently, research by our team reported that a compound, triterpene saponin, astersaponin I (AKNS-2) was isolated from AKNS ( Kwon et al ., 2019 ), the present research tried to study the effect AKNS-2 on autophagy induction and elucidate the underlying pathways, eventually explore its protective effect on PD.…”

New Eudesmane-Type Sesquiterpene Glycosides from the Leaves of Aster koraiensis

“…Previous chemical studies on A. koraiensis have led to the identification of several types of secondary metabolites, such as polyacetylenes [ 3 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 14 ], sesquiterpenoids [ 4 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], triterpenoids [ 18 ], flavonoids [ 4 , 16 , 17 ], ionones [ 17 ], caffeoylquinic acids [ 16 ], and benzofurans [ 16 , 19 ]. However, active compounds with anti-inflammatory activities in this plant has been poorly studied.…”