An automatic generation control modification for present demands on interconnected power systems

Schulte, R. P.

doi:10.1109/59.535669

Cited by 43 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The principles of feed-forward AGC systems are formulated in [77]. The main idea of these systems is to determine the future area requirement (AR) as a function of time based on the load forecast curve, scheduled generation for non-regulating units and interchange schedules, correct this look-ahead AR with respect to the currently observed generation scheduling and load forecasting errors and CPS1/2 requirements, and allocate the AR among the regulating units.…”

Section: Bpa Agc Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-Area Energy Storage and Management system to Balance Intermittent Resources in the Bonneville Power Administration and California ISO Control Areas

Makarov¹,

Yang²,

DeSteese³

et al. 2008

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The entire project addresses the issue of mitigating additional intermittency and fast ramps that occur at higher penetration of intermittent resources, including wind generation, in the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and the California Independent System Operator (California ISO) control areas. The proposed Wide Area Energy Storage and Management System (WAEMS) will address the additional regulation requirement through the energy exchange between the participating control areas and through the use of energy storage and other generation resources. For the BPA and California ISO control centers, the new regulation service will look no different comparing with the traditional regulation resources. The proposed project will benefit the regulation service in these service areas, regardless of the actual degree of penetration of the intermittent resources in the regions.The project develops principles, algorithms, market integration rules, functional design and technical specifications for the WAEMS system. The project is sponsored by BPA and supported in kind by California ISO, Beacon Power Corporation, and the California Energy Commission (CEC).This report provides a summary of results obtained in the first phase of the project. These tasks addressed in Phase 1 are as follow:• Evaluate and compare energy storage options. Review the world experience. Identify top three technologies that can meet the needs of this project.• Design and evaluate configurations and integration schemes of the energy storage, generation resources, their combinations, and other options. Identify the most promising configurations and their benefits.• Analyze technical and market compatibility of the proposed integration schemes with the existing regulation and load following systems at BPA and California ISO.• Collect data needed for experiments at BPA and California ISO.• Develop algorithms for the energy storage and generation control. Implement them as MATLAB TM codes.• Conduct experiments using the MATLAB TM model and collected data. v• Carry out the cost benefit analysis based on simulation results.• Provide a summary of results and recommendations to BPA on continuation of the project.The main results obtained in Phase 1 are as follow:• Based on the developed set of selection criteria, an extensive literature review, and an analysis of the worldwide industrial experience, the most suitable energy storage technologies have been identified for the project. They include flywheel energy storage devices (ESDs), pumped or conventional hydro power plants, and sodium sulfur or nickel cadmium batteries.• Using a developed set of requirements and an analysis of various configurations, a preferred WAEMS service architecture has been selected. A configuration with two ESDs was elected as the main variant: an aggregate of a flywheel ESD and a pumped storage (or a conventional hydro power plant). The one-ESD configuration can be also used as a first step toward the two-ESD configuration, or as an alternative architecture. The aggrega...

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Section: Bpa Agc Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-Area Energy Storage and Management system to Balance Intermittent Resources in the Bonneville Power Administration and California ISO Control Areas

Makarov¹,

Yang²,

DeSteese³

et al. 2008

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“…In the terms used to describe automatic generation control, a reserve should available to another control area through any tie-line [14].…”

Section: A Microgrid With a Variety Of Power Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Consumption Minimization of a Microgrid

Hernandez-Aramburo

Green

Mugniot³

2005

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

464

186

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Abstract-A cost optimization scheme for a microgrid is presented. Prior to the optimization of the microgrid itself, several schemes for sharing power between two generators are compared. The minimization of fuel use in a microgrid with a variety of power sources is then discussed. The optimization of a small power system has important differences from the case of a large system and its traditional economic dispatch problem. Among the most important differences is the presence of a local heat demand which adds another dimension to the optimization problem. The microgrid considered in this paper consists of two reciprocating gas engines, a combined heat and power plant, a photovoltaic array and a wind generator. The optimization is aimed at reducing the fuel consumption rate of the system while constraining it to fulfil the local energy demand (both electrical and thermal) and provide a certain minimum reserve power. A penalty is applied for any heat produced in excess of demand. The solution of the optimization problem strongly supports the idea of having a communication infrastructure operating between the power sources.

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“…Methods for ACE calculation are being studied extensively. Some studies involve restructuring [2], while others employ neural networks [3,4]. The latter approach involves simplification of the bias value setting [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralized load frequency based on H_∞ control

Ishii

Shirai

Fujita

2001

Electrical Engineering Japan

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SUMMARYThis paper presents a decentralized load frequency control (LFC) based on H f optimal control theory with an observer. A few LFC schemes have been proposed based on the optimal control theory, but they have not considered the change of system parameters in operation and the characteristics of load disturbances in a target system. In this paper, H f robust control is introduced to address such problems. Owing to its practical merit, the proposed control scheme is a decentralized LFC. Employing observer theory, the proposed method requires only frequency and tie-line power deviation in each area. Numerical simulations are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. H f control was proven to show greater effectiveness of damping disturbance over the conventional optimal control by the design of control systems aimed at restricting the H f norm of its transfer function. In particular, when a decentralized LFC is applied, by reducing the system size, H f norm is easier to dampen; thus H f control is more effective in the decentralized control. Future research topics include the design of H f control system with a weight on frequency response. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 136(3): 2838, 2001

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An automatic generation control modification for present demands on interconnected power systems

Cited by 43 publications

References 7 publications

Wide-Area Energy Storage and Management system to Balance Intermittent Resources in the Bonneville Power Administration and California ISO Control Areas

Wide-Area Energy Storage and Management system to Balance Intermittent Resources in the Bonneville Power Administration and California ISO Control Areas

Fuel Consumption Minimization of a Microgrid

Decentralized load frequency based on H_∞ control

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An automatic generation control modification for present demands on interconnected power systems

Cited by 43 publications

References 7 publications

Wide-Area Energy Storage and Management system to Balance Intermittent Resources in the Bonneville Power Administration and California ISO Control Areas

Wide-Area Energy Storage and Management system to Balance Intermittent Resources in the Bonneville Power Administration and California ISO Control Areas

Fuel Consumption Minimization of a Microgrid

Decentralized load frequency based on H∞ control

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Decentralized load frequency based on H_∞ control