Wide-Area Energy Storage and Management system to Balance Intermittent Resources in the Bonneville Power Administration and California ISO Control Areas

Makarov, Yuri V.; Yang, Bo Chieh; DeSteese, J.G.; Lu, Shuai; Miller, Collin; Nyeng, Preben; Ma, Jun; Hammerstrom, Donald J.; Vishwanathan, Vilanyur V.

doi:10.2172/947483

Cited by 48 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…Walawalker a nd A pt indicated that efficiency of the NaS battery was 75% [8] [8]. In our sensitivity study, efficiency was analyzed at 90%, as indicated in Phase I report by Makarov et al [6].…”

Section: Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 87%

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The Wide-Area Energy Storage and Management System ? Battery Storage Evaluation

Liu¹,

Weimar²,

Makarov³

et al. 2009

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This report pr esents t he modeling a pproach, methodologies, and results of the sodium s ulfur (NaS) battery e valuation s tudy, w hich w as c onducted by t he P acific N orthwest N ational L aboratory ( PNNL) operated for the U.S. department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute for the California Institute for Energy and Environment (CIEE) and California Energy Commission (CEC).The goal of this research is to investigate technical characteristics and economics of t he NaS battery energy st orage us ed f or regulation and real-time di spatch ( also called load following) ser vices i n the electricity market operated by the California Independent System Operator (CAISO). This report is part of t he deliverables for Phase II of t he Wi de A rea E nergy S torage and Management S ystem ( WAEMS) project.The tasks addressed in Phase II are as follow:• Study the value of the ancillary services that can be provided by the NaS battery for the following two wind energy penetration scenarios: (1) a hypothetical scenario without wind energy resource and (2) a scenario with 20% of CAISO's energy supply being provided by renewable resources including the w ind energy resource. Scenario (1) was analyzed to compare the i ncremental effects of wind power production.• Evaluate technical and economical characteristics of the NaS battery when it is used to provide regulation and real-time dispatch services.• Consider di fferent op erational c onditions, f ind limitations, a nd recommend a dditional opportunities for the NaS battery arising in the California energy market.• Suggest de sign improvements for t he f ollowing N aS battery phy sical characteristics h elping t o increase the value and expand market opportunities in California: energy capacity, power output, and lifetime.The results and conclusions of the study are summarized as follows:• If an NaS battery is operated for 20 years at its rated output 4 MW, operating it at a lower depth of discharge (DOD) results in less cost with the now lifecycle-DOD curve. If manufacturers can improve the NaS battery lifecycles at high DODs, the breakeven prices will drop significantly for high DOD cases.• Under the pay-by-energy scheme for regulation and real-time dispatch services, for a 4 MW, 28 MWh NaS b attery t o p rovide r egulation and r eal-time di spatch services, breakeven prices ar e above 100 $/MWh, making the operation not economical in the California market.• Under t he pay-by-capacity scheme for r egulation services, the ba ttery ha s a l onger l ife and a lower cost when it runs at lower DOD. With current technology, the battery rated power output is 4 MW. The results indicate that if the 4 MW battery provides one-directional regulation service, the hi gh-end c ost w ill be 26 $/ MW a nd t he l ow-end c ost w ill be 16 $/ MW. I n t he C alifornia market, this means the NaS battery may become marginally profitable.• If the battery rated power can be increased, the breakeven price will drop significantly because the battery is able to handle a broader range of...

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Section: Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The algorithm used to generate regulation and real-time dispatch signals was developed in previous research. For detailed information, please refer to [5] and [6].…”

Section: Modeling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Wide-Area Energy Storage and Management System ? Battery Storage Evaluation

Liu¹,

Weimar²,

Makarov³

et al. 2009

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“…Technically, the proposal here exposed has developed a lot of points to defend it but, it is necessary to complement it with economic arguments. During the last years an important work to sustain the renewable option in regulated or free markets has been presented by many authors (Makarov et al 2009). One basic analysis, introduced in (García & Linare,2006), compares the current electric system costs with respect to one only based on renewable energy, where important aspects are revealed that strongly support.…”

Section: Future Research Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sizing and Management of Energy Storage for a 100% Renewable Supply in Large Electric Systems

Alonso¹,

Galbete²,

Sotés³

2011

Energy Storage in the Emerging Era of Smart Grids

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“…Phase I and other California Energy Commission studies [1]- [6] have shown that fast-ramping balancing services could potentially reduce the regulation and load-following requirement by up to 30%. Therefore, it is important for BPA and CAISO to seek additional fast load-following and regulation resources to meet challenges of the high penetration of wind in BPA and CAISO balancing authorities.…”

Section: Technical Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The net present value (NPV) 4 Two payment methods were studied for the regulation service: pay-by-capacity and pay-byenergy.…”

Section: Battery Storage Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Wide-area Energy Management System Phase 2 Final Report

Liu¹,

Makarov²,

Weimar³

2010

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The higher penetration of intermittent generation resources (including wind and solar generation) in the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and California Independent System Operator (CAISO) balancing authorities (BAs) raises the issue of requiring expensive additional fast grid balancing services in response to additional intermittency and fast up and down power ramps in the electric power system.The overall goal of the Wide-area Energy Storage and Management System (WAEMS) project is to develop the principles, algorithms, market integration rules, a functional design, and technical specifications for an energy storage system to cope with uncertainties and unexpected rapid changes in renewable generation power output. The resulting WAEMS system will store excess energy, control dispatchable load and distributed generation, and use inter-area exchange of the excess energy between the CAISO and BPA BAs. A further goal is to provide a cost-benefit analysis and develop a business model for an investment-based practical deployment of such a system. Phase II of the WAEMS project consists of two tasks: the flywheel field tests and the battery evaluation. Two final reports, "Wide-area Energy Storage and Management System Phase IIFlywheel Field Tests Final Report" and "Wide-area Energy Storage and Management SystemBattery Storage Evaluation", were written to summarize the results of the two tasks. The two final reports have been attached in Appendix A and Appendix B. Keywords: energy storage, flywheel, NaS battery, regulation services, load following, real-time dispatch, balancing services, economic analysis, performance evaluation, wind integration, renewables, intermittent energy resources, ancillary services. iv v PrefaceThe California Energy Commission's Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program supports public interest energy research and development that will help improve the quality of life in California by bringing environmentally safe, affordable, and reliable energy services and products to the marketplace.The PIER Program conducts public interest research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) projects to benefit California.The PIER Program strives to conduct the most promising public interest energy research by partnering with RD&D entities, including individuals, businesses, utilities, and public or private research institutions.PIER funding efforts are focused on the following RD&D program areas:• Building End-Use Energy Efficiency Executive SummaryThis research was conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), which is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830, for Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), the California Energy Commission, and the California Institute for Energy and Environment (CIEE).The higher penetration of intermittent generation resources (including wind and solar generation) in the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and California Independent System Operator (CAISO) balancing authorities (BAs) rais...

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Wide-Area Energy Storage and Management system to Balance Intermittent Resources in the Bonneville Power Administration and California ISO Control Areas

Cited by 48 publications

References 3 publications

The Wide-Area Energy Storage and Management System ? Battery Storage Evaluation

The Wide-Area Energy Storage and Management System ? Battery Storage Evaluation

Sizing and Management of Energy Storage for a 100% Renewable Supply in Large Electric Systems

The Wide-area Energy Management System Phase 2 Final Report

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