An Association Map on the Effect of Flavonoids on the Signaling Pathways in Colorectal Cancer

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer in the world, causing thousands of deaths annually. Although chemotherapy is known to be an effective treatment to combat colon cancer, it produces severe side effects. Natural products, on the other hand, appear to generate fewer side effects than do chemotherapeutic drugs. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found in various fruits and vegetables known to possess antioxidant activities, and the literature shows that several of these flavonoids have anti-CRC propertiesFlavonoids are classified into five main subclasses: flavonols, flavanones, flavones, flavan-3-ols, and flavanonols. Of these subclasses, the flavanonols have a minimum effect against CRC, whereas the flavones play an important role. The main targets for the inhibitory effect of flavonoids on CRC signaling pathways are caspase; nuclear factor kappa B; mitogen-activated protein kinase/p38; matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-7, and MMP-9; p53; β-catenin; cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2 and CDK4; and cyclins A, B, D, and E.In this review article, we summarize the in vitro and in vivo studies that have been performed since 2000 on the anti-CRC properties of flavonoids. We also describe the signaling pathways affected by flavonoids that have been found to be involved in CRC. Some flavonoids have the potential to be an effective alternative to chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of colon cancer; well-controlled clinical studies should, however, be conducted to support this proposal.

Fisetin protects against cardiac cell death through reduction of ROS production and caspases activity

“…Based on their chemical structure, flavonoids can be divided in different subclasses 45,46 . Fisetin, a member of the flavonols family 43,47 , provides different beneficial effects through its anti-inflammatory 48 , antioxidant 49 , hypoglycemic 50 or anti-obesity 51 action. It is also known to have strong anti-cancer activity by inhibiting angiogenesis 52 , promoting cell cycle arrest in G 2 /M phase and by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells 53,54 .…”

The co‑treatment of metformin with flavone synergistically induces apoptosis through inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway in breast cancer cells

“…Flavone inhibits PI3K/AKT pathway to involve in the progression and apoptosis of cancer cells (18,30,31). Our previous results have presented that 100 µM flavone reduced viability slightly in breast cancer cells (32).…”

“…Many of them are part of human daily diet (15,16). Flavonoids inhibit PI3K/AKT pathway to induce apoptosis (17,18). Tangeretin inhibits growth of HL-60 cells and induces apoptosis without causing serious side-effect on immune cells (19).…”

Evaluation of Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Potential of Ocimum gratissimum and Telfairia occidentalis Leaves

“…Mechanisms responsible for improvements in heart disease risk include improved endothelial function, decreased blood pressure, and improvements in lipid and insulin resistance. Flavonoids can be divided into the following subclasses flavonols, flavanones, flavones, flavan-3-ols, and flavanonols [22]. Koosha et al [22] reported relationship between flavonoid consumption and decreased cancer risk.…”

“…Flavonoids can be divided into the following subclasses flavonols, flavanones, flavones, flavan-3-ols, and flavanonols [22]. Koosha et al [22] reported relationship between flavonoid consumption and decreased cancer risk.…”