An assessment of the grey water footprint of winery wastewater in the Niagara Region of Ontario, Canada

Johnson, Melody Blythe; Mehrvar, Mehrab

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.311

Cited by 50 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…The volume of WWW hauled to Niagara Region municipal WWTPs for co‐treatment with domestic wastewater has seen steady growth, increasing from a total of 9365 m 3 /year in 2008 to 25 120 m 3 /year in 2018 (Figure ). The highest volumes are received during the vintage period, roughly spanning the period from September‐December There are several categories of WWW hauled to municipal WWTPs in Niagara Region based on the level of on‐site treatment, if any, provided at the wineries. Wineries equipped with holding tanks dispose of their WWW via periodic haulage to WWTPs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The characteristics of WWW vary substantially depending on the production stage, from low‐strength wastewaters associated with activities such as floor, barrel, and bottle washing, to high‐strength wastewaters associated with grape harvesting, crushing, and racking . Due to the seasonal nature of winemaking, WWW volumes and strengths typically peak during the vintage period, which in Ontario ranges from September‐December …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treatment requirements vary depending on the effluent discharge method, with targets typically stipulated for five‐day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (cBOD 5 ), total suspended solids (TSS) and nitrogen species (total nitrogen (TN), nitrate‐nitrogen (NO 3 ‐N), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN)), and occasionally for other parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH. In spite of being treated to meet or surpass regulatory discharge requirements, WWW co‐treated at municipal WWTPs still exerts a significant environmental impact on freshwater resources in the Niagara Region, highlighting the need for effective handling and treatment methods for this complex and high‐strength wastewater. The Niagara Region is within the northern hemisphere's wine belt (latitudes between 30 o ‐50 o N) and is subject to extended periods of cold weather.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Winery wastewater management and treatment in the Niagara Region of Ontario, Canada: A review and analysis of current regional practices and treatment performance

Johnson

Mehrvar

2019

Can J Chem Eng

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The winemaking process produces a large volume of wastewater with highly variable characteristics. Methods in place to manage winery wastewater (WWW) vary, with some wineries treating their WWW on‐site, while others direct the WWW to municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Despite the significant presence and growth of the wine industry in the Niagara Region of Ontario, Canada, few data are available regarding the characteristics and treatment of WWW in this geographic region. This work presents a comprehensive review of full‐scale treatment methods currently in place to manage and treat WWW at 53 wineries in the Niagara Region. The most common type of on‐site treatment is the constructed wetland process, providing overall removal rates of >98% for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and >98% for total suspended solids (TSS) for the combined treatment of WWW and site‐generated sanitary sewage. Subsurface effluent discharge is the most widely used disposal strategy, while larger systems treating WWW alone also reuse the effluent for vineyard irrigation. The construction and operation of on‐site treatment systems at wineries does not address all WWW treatment needs, requiring a portion of the WWW to be co‐treated at WWTPs. While full‐scale operating data indicate that anaerobic co‐digestion with municipal sludges is effective (89% COD removal), the co‐digestion capacity is limited. Co‐treatment in the municipal WWTPs' liquid treatment train leads to negative operational and performance impacts. No efficient WWW co‐treatment options, viable in the long‐term, are currently available at municipal WWTPs. Improved co‐treatment strategies are required to address WWW treatment needs in the Niagara Region.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Winery wastewater management and treatment in the Niagara Region of Ontario, Canada: A review and analysis of current regional practices and treatment performance

Johnson

Mehrvar

2019

Can J Chem Eng

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“…Previous studies on grey water footprints of crop production employ non-point sources of fertilizer application yields, leaching fractions and maximum allowable pollutant concentrations (Laspidou, 2014). If multiple pollutants exist in the studied region, the largest calculated footprint is taken as the grey water footprint of the region (Johnson and Mehrvar 2019) which is generally caused by nitrogen emission. Similar studies mainly employ the country-specific data of all agricultural pollutants Serio et al 2018).…”

Section: Grey Water Footprintmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of wheat’s water footprint and virtual water trade: a case study for Turkey

Muratoğlu

2020

Ecol Process

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Background: Many countries are experiencing significant water scarcity and related problems due to limited availability, uneven distribution of water resources and high demand. Therefore, increasing water use efficiency and better management of existing resources have become substantially important. The agricultural sector is responsible for around 80% of global freshwater withdrawal. Wheat is one of the most important crops having large volumes of virtual water (VW) which is defined as the hidden water embedded in the products.Methods: Water footprint (WF) is an indicator showing the total volume of freshwater consumption of a product or process. Blue water concept is defined as the amount of exploited surface and groundwater resources. Green water represents the total volume of rainwater allocated by the product. WF methodology brings a new approach to inter-regional water use and management by quantifying the amount of direct and indirect water use and tracing the hidden links between production, consumption and trade. The main objective of this study is to analyze Turkey's national blue and green WF of wheat production, consumption and virtual water trade between 2008 and 2019. Detailed province-based quantification of wheat's water exploitation is provided using spatial interpolation method. Results: Total consumptive WF of wheat production and consumption of Turkey is calculated as 39.3 and 48.1 Gm 3 /year, respectively. The average blue and green VW contents of wheat production through Turkey are assessed to be 1161 and 748 m 3 /ton, respectively. The water footprint parameters of each province are calculated and discussed using climatic and agricultural data. VW transfer of Turkey's international wheat trade is also analyzed. Total national water saving is calculated as 7.8 Gm 3 /year which is mostly imported from Russia. Global VW deficit due to international wheat trade is calculated to be 1.76 Gm 3 /year. Conclusion:Despite its high contribution to global wheat production, increasing population and strong wheatbased diet, quantitative, comparative and up-to-date analyses of the blue and green WF and the VW transfer of wheat production in Turkey are not available. This study contributes to the national and international water management and planning studies to increase the water allocation efficiency of agricultural products.

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“…In North America, a US study assessed the greenhouse gas emissions, the energy use, and the freshwater use across the life cycle of wine produced in California, beginning from the cultivation of grapes up to their delivery at the winery gate, to provide a holistic evaluation of the wine's environmental impact [25]. Moreover, a preliminary research effort was made for assessing the grey WF associated with wastewater produced during the winemaking process in a Canadian winery and co-treated by municipal wastewater treatment plants [26]. In Latin America, a recent study quantified the consumptive blue and green WF of several varieties of grapes for wine production in five Argentinian regions, using different irrigation systems [27].…”

Section: Research Efforts Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

A Water Footprint Review of Italian Wine: Drivers, Barriers, and Practices for Sustainable Stewardship

Aivazidou

Tsolakis

2020

Water

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Wine constitutes the dominant Italian agricultural product with respect to both production quantity and economic value. Italy is the top wine producer worldwide in terms of volume and the second one below France in terms of national income. As the Italian agricultural production accounts for 85% of the national freshwater appropriation, the country’s agricultural sector strains freshwater resources, especially in the central and southern regions, which constitute important winemaking areas in terms of quantity and quality. To this end, we first perform a review of the existing research efforts on wine water footprint assessment to investigate the water dynamics of wine production in Italy compared to the rest of the world. The results indicate a prevalence of studies on the water footprint of Italian wine, emphasising the need for deeper research on the sector’s water efficiency. Then, we aim at exploring the major drivers, barriers, and good practises for systematic water stewardship in the Italian winemaking industry, considering the product and territorial characteristics. This research is anticipated to contribute towards providing insights for practitioners in the Italian wine sector to develop water-friendly corporate schemes for enhancing the added value of their products.

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An assessment of the grey water footprint of winery wastewater in the Niagara Region of Ontario, Canada

Cited by 50 publications

References 14 publications

Winery wastewater management and treatment in the Niagara Region of Ontario, Canada: A review and analysis of current regional practices and treatment performance

Winery wastewater management and treatment in the Niagara Region of Ontario, Canada: A review and analysis of current regional practices and treatment performance

Assessment of wheat’s water footprint and virtual water trade: a case study for Turkey

A Water Footprint Review of Italian Wine: Drivers, Barriers, and Practices for Sustainable Stewardship

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