An assessment of the emergency response among health workers involved in the 2010 cholera outbreak in northern Nigeria

Oladele, David; Oyedeji, Kolawole S.; Niemogha, Mary-Theresa; Nwaokorie, Francisca O.; Bamidele, Moses; Musa, Adesola Z.; Adeneye, Adeniyi; Bamidele, Tajudeen; Ochoga, Michael; Akinsinde, Kehinde A.; Brai, Bartholomew; Omonigbehin, Emmanuel A.; Fesobi, Toun Wuraola; Smith, Stella I.; Ujah, I. A. O.

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2012.06.004

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Eight studies [12,17,24,32,41,50,70,75] found the potential role of health systems-related factors in driving the transmission of cholera in Nigeria. Regarding health service delivery, evidence centred on inadequate and inefficient surveillance system, as well as inadequate laboratory diagnostic capacity; in addition, poor technical capacity of health workers to manage cholera cases, especially in rural areas.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding health service delivery, evidence centred on inadequate and inefficient surveillance system, as well as inadequate laboratory diagnostic capacity; in addition, poor technical capacity of health workers to manage cholera cases, especially in rural areas. In rural areas in Nigeria, it is not surprising to encounter health workers with inadequate training on cholera case management, as well as with inadequate supply of emergency response kits [12]. From the perspective of health care seeking by community members, religious and traditional beliefs play a significant role in driving cholera transmission.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the first report of a cholera outbreak in Nigeria in 1970 [7], the country has remained endemic for the disease with several epidemics and high attack rates and CFRs. Moreover, cholera in Nigeria has been increasingly linked with ongoing armed-conflicts, environmental and climatic changes, rapid urbanization and increasing population growth, inadequate emergency or public health responses, traditional and religious beliefs [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Notably, inadequate access to portable water and poor sanitary conditions remain the principal determinant of cholera transmission in Nigeria, in line with global epidemiology [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What are the drivers of recurrent cholera transmission in Nigeria? Evidence from a scoping review

et al. 2020

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Background: The 2018 cholera outbreak in Nigeria affected over half of the states in the country, and was characterised by high attack and case fatality rates. The country continues to record cholera cases and related deaths to date. However, there is a dearth of evidence on context-specific drivers and their operational mechanisms in mediating recurrent cholera transmission in Nigeria. This study therefore aimed to fill this important research gap, with a view to informing the design and implementation of appropriate preventive and control measures. Methods: Four bibliographic literature sources (CINAHL (Plus with full text), Web of Science, Google Scholar and PubMed), and one journal (African Journals Online) were searched to retrieve documents relating to cholera transmission in Nigeria. Titles and abstracts of the identified documents were screened according to a predefined study protocol. Data extraction and bibliometric analysis of all eligible documents were conducted, which was followed by thematic and systematic analyses. Results: Forty-five documents met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. The majority of the documents were peer-reviewed journal articles (89%) and conducted predominantly in the context of cholera epidemics (64%). The narrative analysis indicates that social, biological, environmental and climatic, health systems, and a combination of two or more factors appear to drive cholera transmission in Nigeria. Regarding operational dynamics, a substantial number of the identified drivers appear to be functionally interdependent of each other. Conclusion: The drivers of recurring cholera transmission in Nigeria are diverse but functionally interdependent; thus, underlining the importance of adopting a multi-sectoral approach for cholera prevention and control.

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Section: Interpretation Of Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interpretation Of Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What are the drivers of recurrent cholera transmission in Nigeria? Evidence from a scoping review

et al. 2020

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“…Recent outbreaks resulting into high cases of deaths in Papua New Guinea, Africa, and the Caribbean Sea were attributed to new atypical El Tor strains with a classical cholera toxin gene believed to have originated from the Bay of Bengal and similar to the strain peculiar to Orissa, India. This species in association with non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae strains was implicated as the major strain responsible for the 2010 cholera outbreak that affected over 40,000 people with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 3.75% in Nigeria (Oyedeji et al, 2013;Oladele et al, 2012). Majority of the new atypical El Tor strains are multi-drug resistant (Marin et al, 2013).…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Cholera In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of perception and myth on causes of cholera infection in endemic areas of Nigeria

Innocent¹,

Nwaokorie²,

Adeniyi³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Cholera epidemic is a recurrent disease in developing countries with poor environmental sanitation and inadequate supply of potable water. In endemic areas of West Africa, opinions and myths surrounding the real causes of cholera diseases have given rise to varying methods of control. This review gives an insight into these various opinions and myths. Some of these are that magico-religious factors, witchcraft, eating soil, god's will and evil air in the community are responsible for cholera outbreaks. Wrong perception and myth of cholera hinders acceptance and accessibility to launch effective operational response to affected communities during an outbreak. This also lead to delay in providing intervention and treatment during an outbreak.

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“…9,10 In Nigeria, outbreaks of cholera are common both in urban rural settlements. 6,11 An upsurge of cholera cases was reported in September, 2013 by the Federal Ministry of Health and continued throughout December, 2013. A total of 6600 cholera cases including 229 deaths (CFR 3.47%) were reported from 94 LGAs in 20 states (Kaduna state inclusive).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of cholera at Dutsen-Abba Ward Zaria local government area, Kaduna State Nigeria 2015: the importance of hygienic practices

Mohammed

Usman

Okon

et al. 2017

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Cholera is an infection caused by Vibrio cholerae, which may lead to severe dehydration and death if not treated promptly. On August 31, 2015, the Kaduna Ministry of Health received a notification of increase cases of vomiting and diarrhoea at Dusten-Abba in Zaria. A response Team was sent to confirm the outbreak, describe the socio-demographic characteristics and identify possible risk factors for the outbreak.Methods: We defined cases according to the world health organization (WHO) criteria. We conducted an unmatched case-control study and descriptive study. We retrieved line-listed cases at the ward facility. We interviewed cases at the facility and recruited controls from the community, and administered questionnaires to both cases and controls. We analysed data using Epi-Info7 and Microsoft Excel 2016.Results: A total of 50 cases were recorded, with a median age of 20years and age range of 1 – 50 years. There were more females (68%) than males. Majority of cases (52%) were under 20 years, while all cases are below 50 years. Seven (7) deaths were recorded giving a Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of 14%. The CFR was higher in females (14.7%) than in males (12.5%). Index case was seen on August 29, 2015. The outbreak lasted five days. Last cases were seen on September 2, 2015. Highest number of cases seen in a day (23) was on third day of the outbreak. Only two cases (4%) had their samples tested using cholera RDT, and both tested positive. Drinking un-boiled water (OR: 12.67, 95%CI: 2.33–68.93), regular hand washing (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.06–0.90) and proper waste disposal practices (OR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.02–0.36) are factors we found to affect cholera infection during the outbreak.Conclusions: Our investigation confirmed a cholera outbreak with a high CFR, especially among females. Poor hygienic practices among the populace seem to be the drivers for this outbreak.

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An assessment of the emergency response among health workers involved in the 2010 cholera outbreak in northern Nigeria

Abstract: Inadequate training, a lack of qualified HCWs and a limited supply of emergency response kits were reported. Therefore, the government and stakeholders should address the gaps noted to adequately control and prevent future epidemics.

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

What are the drivers of recurrent cholera transmission in Nigeria? Evidence from a scoping review

What are the drivers of recurrent cholera transmission in Nigeria? Evidence from a scoping review

A review of perception and myth on causes of cholera infection in endemic areas of Nigeria

Outbreak of cholera at Dutsen-Abba Ward Zaria local government area, Kaduna State Nigeria 2015: the importance of hygienic practices

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