An assessment of the antibacterial activity in larval excretion/secretion of four species of insects recorded in association with corpses, using <i>Lucilia sericata</i> Meigen as the marker species

Barnes, Kate M.; Gennard, Dorothy; Dixon, Ron

doi:10.1017/s000748530999071x

Cited by 57 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…This is in concordance with findings of Huberman et al (2007) and Barnes et al (2010) on L. sericata hemolymph extract and ES, respectively, where significant bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa than against S. aureus were recorded. Also, Teh et al (2013) found that L. cuprina larval methanol extracts at 0.78 and 1.56 mg/ml concentrations were able to inhibit more than 50% of P. aeruginosa and E. coli, respectively, while 3.13 mg/ml was necessary to inhibit 50% bacterial growth of Klebsiella pneumonia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The antimicrobial actions against a variety of Gram+ve and Gram-ve bacteria were studied from maggot's ES of L. sericata (Daeschlein et al, 2007;Huberman et al, 2007;Jaklic et al, 2008), Lucilia cuprina (Arora et al, 2010;El Shazely et al, 2013), Calliphora vicina (Barnes et al, 2010) and three Chrysomya species (Ratcliffe et al, 2015). Currently, there is a tendency to use modern biosurgery (that is, maggot therapy without maggots) instead of traditional biosurgery (Vilcinskas, 2011), where maggot's derivatives or active molecules could be therapeutically used in either their native or recombinant/synthetic form to face the antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitals and communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro antimicrobial activity of maggot excretions/secretions of Sarcophaga (Liopygia) argyrostoma (Robineau-Desvoidy)

El-Bassiony¹,

Stoffolano²

2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The excessive usage of conventional antibiotics leads to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains which threaten public health and stimulates searching for new sources of bio-therapeutic drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of maggot excretions/secretions from larvae of Sarcophaga argyrostoma, a common species of the family Sarcophagidae in Egypt. The excretions/secretions (ES) produced by third instar larvae were sterile filtered and tested against selected pathogenic strains of Gram positive (Gram+ve) bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis; Gram negative (Gram-ve) bacteria, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonous aeruginosa; and the filamentous fungus Aspergillus flavus. The ES product produced by third instar maggots proved to be more effective against Gram-ve bacteria. Larval ES, at 0.125 mg/ml concentration, were significantly potent towards P. aeruginosa, E. coli and S. aureus in a descending sequence. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of S. argyrostoma ES were 0.125 mg/ml for P. aeruginosa and E. coli, using the turbidimetric assay method. Twice and four times this concentration were required to inhibit growth of S. aureus (0.25 mg/ml) and B. subtilis (0.5 mg/ml), respectively. The antibacterial properties of S. argyrostoma ES were not affected by heating or freeze-thaw cycles when tested against E. coli.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro antimicrobial activity of maggot excretions/secretions of Sarcophaga (Liopygia) argyrostoma (Robineau-Desvoidy)

El-Bassiony¹,

Stoffolano²

2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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“…In addition, there are many biotic and abiotic factors that may affect the oviposition of blow ßies. For example, the microorganisms on the corpse might strongly inßuence the growth of maggots (Barnes et al 2010). The bacterial activity on the corpse might thus also be one of the important factors on the blow ßy oviposition.…”

Section: Influence Of Intra-and Interspecific Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oviposition Preferences of Two Forensically Important Blow Fly Species, Chrysomya megacephala and C. rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and Implications for Postmortem Interval Estimation

Yang

Shiao

2012

jnl. med. entom.

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Necrophagous blow fly species (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are the most important agents for estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) in forensic entomology. Nevertheless, the oviposition preferences of blow flies may cause a bias of PMI estimations because of a delay or acceleration of egg laying. Chrysomya megacephala (F.) and C. rufifacies (Macquart) are two predominant necrophagous blow fly species in Taiwan. Their larvae undergo rather intense competition, and the latter one can prey on the former under natural conditions. To understand the oviposition preferences of these two species, a dual-choice device was used to test the choice of oviposition sites by females. Results showed when pork liver with and without larvae of C. rufifacies was provided, C. megacephala preferred to lay eggs on the liver without larvae. However, C. megacephala showed no preference when pork liver with and without conspecific larvae or larvae of Hemipyrellia ligurriens (Wiedemann) was provided. These results indicate that females of C. megacephala try to avoid laying eggs around larvae of facultatively predaceous species of C. rufifacies. However, C. rufifacies showed significant oviposition preference for pork liver with larvae of C. megacephala or conspecific ones when compared with pork liver with no larvae. These results probably imply that conspecific larvae or larvae of C. megacephala may potentially be alternative food resources for C. rufifacies, so that its females prefer to lay eggs in their presence. When considering the size of the oviposition media, pork livers of a relatively small size were obviously unfavorable to both species. This may be because females need to find sufficient resources to meet the food demands of their larvae. In another experiment, neither blow fly species showed an oviposition preference for pork livers of different stages of decay. In addition, the oviposition preferences of both species to those media with larvae were greatly disturbed in a dark environment. If we removed the larvae that had previously fed on the pork liver and let the females choose, no oviposition preference was observed; but both species still showed a preference for the larger media in the dark. This suggests that female blow flies can use visual cues to recognize larvae on the media and decide on their oviposition site. Our studies point out the effects of some biotic and abiotic factors which were previously overlooked, and remind us to reevaluate these effects on oviposition, especially when using insect developmental data to estimate PMIs.

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“…Thus different blow fly species may have evolved different relationships with the range of microbial species found on the corpse. Examples of such relationships have been demonstrated in previous studies, including species variation in levels of antimicrobial activity against specific bacteria [39] and ovipositional response to different bacterial species [40][41]. This relationship would extend to the temporal dimension as well, with microbial communities being dynamic through time [15,42] and species of blow flies laying eggs on the corpse at different times.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Microbial effects on the development of forensically important blow fly species

Crooks

Bulling

Barnes

2016

Forensic Science International

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Colonisation times and development rates of specific blow fly species are used to estimate the minimum Post Mortem Interval (mPMI). The presence or absence of bacteria on a corpse can potentially affect the development and survival of blow fly larvae. Therefore an understanding of microbial-insect interactions is important for improving the interpretation of mPMI estimations. In this study, the effect of two bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) on the growth rate and survival of three forensically important blow fly species (Lucilia sericata, Calliphora vicina and Calliphora vomitoria) was investigated.Sterile larvae were raised in a controlled environment (16:8h day: night light cycle, 23:21˚C day: night temperature cycle and a constant 35% relative humidity) on four artificial diets prepared with 100µl of 10 5 CFU bacterial solutions as follows: 1) E. coli 2) S. aureus 3) a 50:50 E. coli: S. aureus mix and 4) a sterile bacteria-free control diet. Daily measurements (length, width and weight) were taken from first instar larvae through to the emergence of adult flies. Survival rates were also determined at pupation and adult emergence. Results indicate that bacteria were not essential for the development of any of the blow fly species.However, larval growth rates were affected by bacterial diet, with effects differing between blow fly species. Peak larval weights also varied according to species-diet combination; C.vomitoria had the largest weight on E. coli and mixed diets, C. vicina had the largest weight on S. aureus diets, and treatment had no significant effect on the peak larval weight of L.sericata. These results indicate the potential for the bacteria that larvae are exposed to during development on a corpse to alter both developmental rates and larval weight in some blow fly species.

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An assessment of the antibacterial activity in larval excretion/secretion of four species of insects recorded in association with corpses, using Lucilia sericata Meigen as the marker species

Cited by 57 publications

References 20 publications

In vitro antimicrobial activity of maggot excretions/secretions of Sarcophaga (Liopygia) argyrostoma (Robineau-Desvoidy)

In vitro antimicrobial activity of maggot excretions/secretions of Sarcophaga (Liopygia) argyrostoma (Robineau-Desvoidy)

Oviposition Preferences of Two Forensically Important Blow Fly Species, Chrysomya megacephala and C. rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and Implications for Postmortem Interval Estimation

Microbial effects on the development of forensically important blow fly species

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