An assessment of regulated emissions and CO2 emissions from a European light-duty CNG-fueled vehicle in the context of Euro 6 emissions regulations

Bielaczyc, Piotr; Woodburn, Joseph; Szczotka, Andrzej

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.12.003

Cited by 86 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Lower carbon emissions for CNG compared to gasoline could be explained by the fact that the hydrogen/carbon ratio of natural gas (4:1) is higher compared to gasoline (1.85:1) and therefore 1 MJ of natural gas can produce by 17 g CO 2 smaller amount than that in gasoline use [6]. But it should be noted that higher H:C composition not always guarantees reduced CO 2 emissions [3].…”

Section: Power and Torque Curves For Different Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such process is possible due to a high adiabatic temperature of this gaseous fuel contributing to increased formation of nitrogen oxides. There could be the other factors leaving impact on the increase of NOx: the distribution of the hottest parts of the charge, thermal homogeneity and the timing of heat release [3].Increase in HC and NOx emissions for CNG fueled cars compared to gasoline ones was found also in other researches [7]. The addition of CNG has not left a positive impact also to unregulated emissions, like ammonia (NH 3 ), methane (CH 4 ), acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) and ethane (C 2 H 6 ).…”

Section: Power and Torque Curves For Different Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many other researchers also have studied the impact of CNG, mainly focusing on the engine performance and gaseous emissions [1][2][3][4]. The results are different and could be affected by the vehicle model, age and effectiveness and the type of conversion kit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Putrasari [2] has realized research with Honda L15A spark ignition engine on W70 eddy current dynamometer with two CNG conversion kits (one -commercially produced; second -proposed conversion kit designed by the research centre) and has found that the lowest HC concentration at different throttle opening positions was using the standard gasoline fuel system (with some expectations), but the lowest CO concentration was using the standard gasoline fuel system and proposed CNG conversion kit based on the throttle opening position. Other research [3] shows results of a series of laboratory tests carried out in the emissions laboratory operating with Euro 5 bi-fuel light duty vehicle on gasoline and CNG using the multipoint injection gasoline fuel injection or natural gas injection system, depending on the fuel type in use. The researchers observed increase of HC and CO emissions, decrease of CO 2 emissions for CNG compared to gasoline, as also strong difference in CH4 emissions for both fuels due to high levels of methane in the exhaust gas when running on CNG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the first researchers [1] in case of retroffited CNG vehicles confirmed reduction of CO emissions by 53 % and CO 2 emissions by 20 %, but increase of HC and NOx emissions by 162 % and 171 %, respectively. Besides that, the increase of the age of retrofitted CNG vehicle leaves an impact on the increase of emissions [1].Many other researchers also have studied the impact of CNG, mainly focusing on the engine performance and gaseous emissions [1][2][3][4]. The results are different and could be affected by the vehicle model, age and effectiveness and the type of conversion kit.…”

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Ecological impact of CNG/gasoline bi-fuelled vehicles

Šmigins¹

2017

Engineering for Rural Development

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Abstract. The paper presents the results of an investigation carried on the potentiality of CNG as an alternative fuel for retrofitted gasoline engine analyzing its impact on exhaust gas emissions. In that case the results from emission testing of DACIA Logan on a chassis dynamometer MD-1750 are presented and discussed. The tests were realized at different testing conditions (idling, IM-240 cycle, 50 and 90 km·h -1 ) to see the influence on regulated and unregulated emissions. The analysis of the obtained experimental results has shown rapid increase of HC and NO x emissions and reduction of CO and CO 2 emissions, when fuelled with CNG compared to gasoline.Keywords: CNG, emissions, testing. IntroductionNowadays, the transport sector plays an important role in development of every country, but it also consumes significant amount of energy, being also the main source of environmental pollution. In the recent years, much more attention has been given to these problems, and new types of alternative fuels (bioethanol, biodiesel, etc.) are now offered. Some of these biofuels already occupy a definite share on the market, but it is still insufficient to overcome the problem of environmental pollution from transport and meet the EU Directives. Due to that now more attention is focused on three main energy sources for vehicles: electricity, hydrogen and natural gas promoting their development by the Directive 2014/94/EU, which requires the Member States to work on the development of a network of infrastructure allowing to use electricity, hydrogen and natural gas to powering the transport setting out minimum requirements for the building up infrastructure.One of the most promising alternatives is compressed natural gas (CNG), which could meet the stringent emission regulations in the EU. The technology for natural gas usage is well developed and equipment could be successfully installed on the used passenger vehicles. Currently, most of the largest vehicle manufacturers offer methane fuelled vehicles with the factory installed CNG fuelling system. Among them, some companies offer installation of this system on different types of motor vehicles. In that case also upgraded biogas or biomethane has great perspectives as the main component of it as also natural gas is methane. Fuels containing methane as the base component are well known due to rapid use in power generation, home heating, and now also in transport. Methane represents few major advantages over the conventional liquid fuels -it is a cheap source of energy and it has positive impact on some pollutants when used as a motor fuel.These facts could be observed in case of new commercialy produced vehicles, but not always in case of retrofitted CNG vehicles. One of the first researchers [1] in case of retroffited CNG vehicles confirmed reduction of CO emissions by 53 % and CO 2 emissions by 20 %, but increase of HC and NOx emissions by 162 % and 171 %, respectively. Besides that, the increase of the age of retrofitted CNG vehicle leaves an impact on the increase of ...

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Section: Power and Torque Curves For Different Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Power and Torque Curves For Different Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological impact of CNG/gasoline bi-fuelled vehicles

Šmigins¹

2017

Engineering for Rural Development

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Cu‐Promoted Pt/Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O_x Catalyst for Ammonia Production Reaction of Passive SCR from Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen

et al. 2022

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In response to stricter emission regulations, lean-burn engines have attracted more and more attention. However, lean burn engines would inevitably lead to the increase in NO x emissions. The researchers combined Three-Way Catalyst (TWC) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) to propose "passive SCR", which makes the engine periodically switch between rich and lean burn. During rich combustion, ammonia is produced by the TWC catalyst, stored in the downstream SCR, and reacts with NO x during lean combustion, in which increasing the ammonia yield on the TWC catalyst is the key. In this study, the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method was used to modify the catalyst by adding copper to improve the ammonia production efficiency. The conversion rate of catalysts with different copper doping ratios from NO to ammonia was measured. Through XRD, BET, H 2 -TPR, TEM, HRTEM, XPS, in-situ DRIFTS, etc., the improvement mechanism of copper doping was analysed. The results showed that Pt 0.01 Cu 0.1 Ce 0.45 Zr 0.45 O x had the highest catalytic activity, the widest reaction temperature window (300-550 °C) with the conversion greater than 96 %. The characterization results showed that appropriate amount of copper doping can adjust the valence distribution, form more oxygen vacancies, and improve the distribution of active species. The in-situ DRIFTS further demonstrated that the conversion from bridged to monodentate and bidentate nitrate may be the key factors on the catalyst surface.

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Alternative Carbonless Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines of Vehicles

Бурейка

Matijošius

Rimkus

2020

Ecology in Transport: Problems and Solutions

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An assessment of regulated emissions and CO2 emissions from a European light-duty CNG-fueled vehicle in the context of Euro 6 emissions regulations

Cited by 86 publications

References 16 publications

Ecological impact of CNG/gasoline bi-fuelled vehicles

Ecological impact of CNG/gasoline bi-fuelled vehicles

Cu‐Promoted Pt/Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O_x Catalyst for Ammonia Production Reaction of Passive SCR from Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen

Alternative Carbonless Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines of Vehicles

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An assessment of regulated emissions and CO2 emissions from a European light-duty CNG-fueled vehicle in the context of Euro 6 emissions regulations

Cited by 86 publications

References 16 publications

Ecological impact of CNG/gasoline bi-fuelled vehicles

Ecological impact of CNG/gasoline bi-fuelled vehicles

Cu‐Promoted Pt/Ce0.5Zr0.5Ox Catalyst for Ammonia Production Reaction of Passive SCR from Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen

Alternative Carbonless Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines of Vehicles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Cu‐Promoted Pt/Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O_x Catalyst for Ammonia Production Reaction of Passive SCR from Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen