An Assessment of Critical Anthropometric Dimensions for Predicting the Fit of a Half-Mask Respirator

Oestenstad, Riedar K.; Perkins, Laura

doi:10.1080/15298669291360283

Cited by 39 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…This further suggests that sealing the nose area (rather than the chin area) reduced penetration on average from approximately 5-11% (unsealed) to 0.11-0.48% (nose-only sealed) for the cyclic flow regime, and from approximately 44-51% (unsealed) to 0.66-1.19% (nose-only sealed) for the constant flow regime. This finding is consistent with other studies (30)(31)(32) that suggest the nose is frequently the primary leak location. c. Penetration pathway.…”

Section: Respirator Partially Sealed On the Manikin (Nose-onlysupporting

confidence: 95%

“…(30)(31)(32) In the present study, four sealing conditions ("unsealed," "nose-only sealed," "nose and chin sealed," and "fully sealed") were used when testing the half mask respirator. For the full facepiece respirator, only two sealing conditions (unsealed and fully sealed) were used because our pilot study revealed that these two conditions produced similar penetration levels, which made it unnecessary to evaluate partially sealed conditions.…”

Section: Respirators and Test Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manikin-Based Performance Evaluation of Elastomeric Respirators Against Combustion Particles

Yermakov

Reponen

et al. 2013

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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This study investigated the effects of faceseal leakage, breathing flow, and combustion material on the overall (non-size-selective) penetration of combustion particles into P-100 half and full facepiece elastomeric respirators used by firefighters. Respirators were tested on a breathing manikin exposed to aerosols produced by combustion of three materials (wood, paper, and plastic) in a room-size exposure chamber. Testing was performed using a single constant flow (inspiratory flow rate = 30 L/min) and three cyclic flows (mean inspiratory flow rates = 30, 85, and 135 L/min). Four sealing conditions (unsealed, nose-only sealed, nose and chin sealed, and fully sealed) were examined to evaluate the respirator faceseal leakage. Total aerosol concentration was measured inside (C(in)) and outside (C(out)) the respirator using a condensation particle counter. The total penetration through the respirator was determined as a ratio of the two (P = C(in) / C(out)). Faceseal leakage, breathing flow type and rate, and combustion material were all significant factors affecting the performance of the half mask and full facepiece respirators. The efficiency of P-100 respirator filters met the NIOSH certification criteria (penetration ≤0.03%); it was not significantly influenced by the challenge aerosol and flow type, which supports the current NIOSH testing procedure using a single challenge aerosol and a constant airflow. However, contrary to the NIOSH total inward leakage (TIL) test protocol assuming that the result is independent on the type of the tested aerosol, this study revealed that the challenge aerosol significantly affects the particle penetration through unsealed and partially sealed half mask respirators. Increasing leak size increased total particle penetration. The findings point to some limitations of the existing TIL test in predicting protection levels offered by half mask elastomeric respirators.

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Section: Respirator Partially Sealed On the Manikin (Nose-onlysupporting

confidence: 95%

Section: Respirators and Test Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manikin-Based Performance Evaluation of Elastomeric Respirators Against Combustion Particles

Yermakov

Reponen

et al. 2013

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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“…Face length and face width in particular have been found to have significant correlation with fit. (5)(6)(7) Oestenstad and Perkins (7) also saw correlation with menton-subnasale length and nasal root breadth with fit. Zhuang et al (6) found significant correlations among fit and two facial dimensions: bigonial breadth and nose protrusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…As described below, once eligible for participation, subjects were evaluated for several variables at baseline, and then at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after the initial visit. All volunteers received monetary (2)(3)(4)(5)(6), nasal root breadth (3)(4)(5), interpupillary breadth (8)(9), face width (10-11), nose breadth (12)(13)(14), bigonial breadth (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), lip length (16)(17)(18), nose length (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17), nose protrusion (13)(14)(15)(16)(17), face length (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)…”

Section: Subject Selection/recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Study to Assess Causative Factors Affecting Temporal Changes in Filtering Facepiece Respirator Fit: Part I – Pilot Study

Zhuang

Benson

Lynch

et al. 2011

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health is conducting a first-of-its-kind study that will assess respirator fit and facial dimension changes as a function of time and improve the scientific basis for decisions on the periodicity of fit testing. A representative sample of 220 subjects wearing filtering-facepiece respirators (FFR) will be evaluated to investigate factors that affect changes in respirator fit over time. The objective of this pilot study (n = 10) was to investigate the variation in fit test data collected in accordance with the study protocol. Inward leakage (IL) and filter penetration were measured for each donned respirator, permitting the calculation of face seal leakage (FSL) and fit factor (FF). The study included only subjects who (a) passed one of the first three fit tests (FF ≥ 100), and (b) demonstrated through a series of nine donnings that they achieved adequate fit (90th percentile FSL was ≤ 0.05). Following the respirator fit tests, 3-D scans of subjects were captured, and height, weight, and 13 traditional anthropometric facial dimensions were measured. The same data were collected 2 and 4 weeks after baseline. The mean change in FSL for the 10 subjects was 0.044% between Visits 1 and 2, and was 0.229% between Visits 1 and 3. Technicians achieved at least moderate reliability for all manual measurements except nose protrusion. Filter penetration was generally less than 0.03%. Geometric mean fit factors were not statistically different among the three visits. The large variability was observed with different respirator samples for the same model, between subjects (inter), and within each subject (intra). Although variability was observed, adequate fit was maintained for all 10 subjects. Pilot scans collected show subject faces remained the same over the 4 weeks. The consistent results during the pilot study indicate that the methods and procedures are appropriate for the 3-year main study. In addition, this baseline fit change data will be compared with future fit changes to determine if the changes are meaningful.

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“…Table I shows a range of facial measurements as found in studies by Liau et al, (11) Leigh, (12) McConville, (13) and Oestenstad and Perkins. (14) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of Differing Facial Characteristics on Breathing Resistance Inside a Respirator Mask

Rebar

Johnson

Russek‐Cohen

et al. 2004

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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A group of subjects with a large range of facial characteristics was asked to breathe deeply while wearing a full facepiece respirator. The facial characteristics noted were head length, head depth, bizygomatic breadth, lip length, and Menton-Sellion length. External resistances to inhalation or exhalation were varied in each of the trials. The data collected were analyzed for possible correlation between facial characteristics and breathing resistance. Although respirator resistances were found to vary, no statistically significant correlation was found with anthropometric measurements.

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An Assessment of Critical Anthropometric Dimensions for Predicting the Fit of a Half-Mask Respirator

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Manikin-Based Performance Evaluation of Elastomeric Respirators Against Combustion Particles

Manikin-Based Performance Evaluation of Elastomeric Respirators Against Combustion Particles

Laboratory Study to Assess Causative Factors Affecting Temporal Changes in Filtering Facepiece Respirator Fit: Part I – Pilot Study

Effect of Differing Facial Characteristics on Breathing Resistance Inside a Respirator Mask

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