An Asian emission inventory of anthropogenic emission sources for the period 1980–2020

Ohara, Toshimasa; Akimoto, Hajime; Kurokawa, Junichi; Horii, Nobuhiro; Yamaji, Katsuhiko; Yan, Xiaoyuan; Hayasaka, Tadahiro

doi:10.5194/acpd-7-6843-2007

Cited by 396 publications

(579 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Ozone concentrations have been increasing in the northern hemisphere since the pre-industrial age (Akimoto, 2003;Vingarzan, 2004). Especially in East Asian countries, further increases in O 3 concentrations are predicted throughout this century because of rapid economic growth (Ohara et al, 2007;Yamaji et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of stomatal sluggishness in ozone-exposed deciduous tree species

Hoshika

Carriero

Zhu

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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• Our knowledge of ozone (O 3 ) effects on dynamic stomatal response is still limited.• Determinants of O 3 -induced stomatal sluggishness were examined in deciduous tree species in open-top chambers.• Ozone exposure slowed closing of stomata after leaf cutting.• Stomatal sluggishness was well explained by stomatal O 3 flux per net photosynthesis.• Stomatal sluggishness depended both on ozone flux and on the capacity for detoxification or repair. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Our knowledge of ozone effects on dynamic stomatal response is still limited, especially in Asian tree species. We thus examined ozone effects on steady-state leaf gas exchange and stomatal dynamics in three common tree species of China (Ailanthus altissima, Fraxinus chinensis and Platanus orientalis). Seedlings were grown and were exposed to three levels of ozone in open-top chambers (42, 69, 100 nmol mol −1 daylight average, from 09:00 to 18:00). At steady-state, ozone exposure induced an uncoupling of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, as the former decreased while the latter did not. Dynamic stomatal response was investigated by cutting the leaf petiole after a steady-state stomatal conductance was reached. Ozone exposure increased stomatal sluggishness, i.e., slowed stomatal response after leaf cutting, in the following order of sensitivity, F. chinensis N A. altissima N P. orientalis. A restriction of stomatal ozone flux reduced the ozone-induced sluggishness in P. orientalis. The ozone-induced impairment of stomatal control was better explained by stomatal ozone flux per net photosynthesis rather than by stomatal ozone flux only. This suggests that ozone injury to stomatal control depends both on the amount of ozone entering a leaf and on the capacity for biochemical detoxification or repair. Leaf mass per area and the density of stomata did not affect stomatal sluggishness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of stomatal sluggishness in ozone-exposed deciduous tree species

Hoshika

Carriero

Zhu

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Household coal combustion also contributed a large proportion of OC emissions in China (4,(14)(15)(16), and some organic compounds in coal smoke may be responsible for the notable lung-cancer mortality in Xuanwei, Yunnan Province,(18,19) and the high esophagealcancer rate in Linxian, Henan Province (20). Unfortunately, there are still limited experimentally derived data about emission factors of BC and OC (EF BC and EF OC ) in China, especially from household coal combustion, and this has resulted in high uncertainties in the estimates of carbonaceous emissions as well as difficulties in determining the best mitigation strategies (4,(14)(15)(16)(17)21).EF BC and EF OC for household coal burning in China have been shown to be very difficult to measure experimentally (22-27). There are many factors which affect the formation of carbonaceous aerosols in coal smoke.…”

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confidence: 99%

Measurements of Black and Organic Carbon Emission Factors for Household Coal Combustion in China: Implication for Emission Reduction

Chen

Zhi

Feng

et al. 2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

139

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Household coal combustion is considered as the greatest emission source for black carbon (BC) and an important source for organic carbon (OC) in China. However, measurements on BC and OC emission factors (EF BC and EF OC ) are still scarce, which result in large uncertainties in emission estimates. In this study, a detailed data set of EF BC and EF OC for household coal burning was presented on the basis of 38 coal/stove combination experiments. These experiments included 13 coals with a wide coverage of geological maturity which were tested in honeycomb-coal-briquette and raw-coal-chunk forms in three typical coal stoves. Averaged values of EF BC are 0.004 and 0.007 g/kg for anthracite in briquette and chunk forms and 0.09 and 3.05 g/kg for bituminous coal, respectively; EF OC are 0.06 and 0.10 g/kg for anthracite and 3.74 and 5.50 g/kg for bituminous coal in both forms, respectively. Coal maturity was found to be the most important influencing factor relative to coal's burning forms and the stove's burning efficiency, and when medium-volatile bituminous coals (MVB) are excluded from use, averaged EF BC and EF OC for bituminous coal decrease by 50% and 30%, respectively. According to these EFs, China's BC and OC emissions from the household sector in 2000 were 94 and 244 gigagrams (Gg), respectively. Compared with previous BC emission estimates for this sector (e.g., 465 Gg by Ohara et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2007, 7, 4419-4444), a dramatic decrease was observed and was mainly attributed to the update of EFs. As suggested by this study, if MVB is prohibited as household fuel together with further promotion of briquettes, BC and OC emissions in this sector will be reduced by 80% and 34%, respectively, and then carbonaceous emissions can be controlled to a large extent in China. IntroductionCarbonaceous aerosols have generated wide concern in recent years due to their significant impacts on global and regional climate changes together with negative effects on the environment and human health (e.g., refs 1-3). Carbonaceous aerosols are mainly derived from incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels, and can be simply divided into black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) fractions (4). Most concern about BC aerosol is due to its strong solar absorptivity, which contributes to global warming by increasing the top-of-atmosphere radiative forcing and decreasing the surface albedo of snow and ice, etc (5-7). Furthermore, BC aerosols reduce atmospheric visibility, damage the appearance of buildings, and do harm to human health by deeply penetrating into the lungs (3,8,9). OC has the optical property of mainly scattering solar radiation, but its ratio to BC affects the radiative property of BC (10). A large number of studies on OC have focused on their adverse effects on public health, because it contains hundreds of organic compounds and many species are toxic and carcinogenic (11).BC emissions from China have caught great attention since Menon et al. (12) suggested the relationship between the increased BC aero...

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“…The city also serves the purpose of a major center of trade and commerce and it homes the intersection point for five national highways and expressways, carrying huge volumes of heterogeneous passenger and freight traffic (Akimoto, 2003;Automotive Research Association of India, 2007;Central Pollution Control Board, 2010). The development of cities is one of the major roles for the connectivity of road network (Ohara et al, 2007;OICA Correspondents Survey, 2010). The vehicular traffic is recognized as one of the major sources of air pollution in Delhi exhibiting noticeable impact on air quality of the region (Gurjar et al, 2004;Garg et al, 2006;Goyal et al, 2006;Guttikunda and Calori, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Motor Vehicle Toxic Emissions and Concentrations in Metropolitan City of Delhi

Amrit¹,

Mishra²

2017

IJTTE

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Road transport emission has been on continuous rise due to revolution in the automobile industry and public mobility demand. Emissions from motor vehicles have been one of the primary pollution sources in the metropolitan area of Delhi having a noticeable impact on ambient air quality. Volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and carbonyl compounds are the major organic pollutants in urban environment. This objective of this study was to estimate the emission and concentration of Benzene, Total PAHs, and Total VOCs at 36 urban transport corridors of Delhi city. After analyzing the traffic scenario as well as toxic vehicular pollutants at all the transport corridor, the highest emission and concentration of Benzene, Total PAHs, and Total VOCs was found at ITO Bridge (3.71 Kg/ Day; 13.86 µg/m 3 ), ISBT Flyover (86.22 Kg/Day; 322.12 µg/m 3 ) and Nizamuddin Bridge (516.44 Kg/day; 1929.33 µg/m 3 ) respectively, whereas the Auchandi Road transport corridor showed the lowest emission as well as concentration of Benzene (0.21 Kg/Day; 0.78 µg/ m 3 ) and VOCs (26.91 Kg/day; 100.53 µg/m 3 ). Due to comparatively very less traffic and restriction on the entry of heavy vehicles at Sansad Marg transport corridor, very low emission and concentration of PAH (11.31 Kg/day; 42.27 µg/m 3 ) was found.

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An Asian emission inventory of anthropogenic emission sources for the period 1980–2020

Cited by 396 publications

References 42 publications

Determinants of stomatal sluggishness in ozone-exposed deciduous tree species

Determinants of stomatal sluggishness in ozone-exposed deciduous tree species

Measurements of Black and Organic Carbon Emission Factors for Household Coal Combustion in China: Implication for Emission Reduction

Estimation of Motor Vehicle Toxic Emissions and Concentrations in Metropolitan City of Delhi

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