An Asian ambrosia beetle Euwallacea fornicatus and its novel symbiotic fungus Fusarium sp. pose a serious threat to the Israeli avocado industry

Mendel, Zvi; Protasov, Alex; Sharon, Michal; Zveibil, A.; Yehuda, S. Ben; O’Donnell, Kerry; Rabaglia, Robert J.; Wysoki, M.; Freeman, Stanley

doi:10.1007/s12600-012-0223-7

Cited by 139 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This fungus and its associated ambrosia beetle vectors have been described as causing a serious dieback disease in Israel (Mendel et al 2012;Mendel et al 2017) and California (Eskalen et al 2012). Further examination has shown that molecular phylogenetics distinguishes six morphologically identical clades of F. euwallaceae, of which at least four attack and reproduce in avocado (O'Donnell et al 2016).…”

Section: Fusarium Diebackmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excretions 1-15 cm in diameter and 0.5-5 cm high surround entry holes . Exit holes surrounded by small tubes of compacted sawdust can be seen after the emergence of adults (Mendel et al 2012).…”

Section: Fusarium Diebackmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large branches are not as seriously affected, thus only small diameter branches exhibit severe symptoms. Tree mortality has been reported (Freeman et al 2012), presumably of small trees. Fusarium euwallaceae survives in mycangia (small sacs) of the PSHB (Freeman et al 2012a), and, if similar to other fungi vectored by ambrosia beetles, is nurtured there in a yeast form by secretions from gland cells of the insect (Fraedrich et al 2008;Harrington et al 2011).…”

Section: Fusarium Diebackmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fungus had been isolated from trees on 15 grower properties in the coastal plain of central Israel by 2012 (Freeman et al 2012b). The beetle-fungus complex has become a serious threat to the avocado industry in that country (Freeman et al 2012b;Mendel et al 2012).…”

Section: Fusarium Diebackmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exotic plant disease threats to the New Zealand avocado industry and climatic suitability: a review

Everett

Siebert²

2018

NZPP

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The avocado industry was established in New Zealand from several importations dating back to 1907. Several serious pathogens found elsewhere in the world were not imported. A literature review and internet search were conducted to determine what serious avocado pathogens are not present in New Zealand and the potential impact they could have if they established. Relevant information was summarised for six pathogens determined to be the most serious of avocado and not known to be present in New Zealand: avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd); Pseudocercospora purpurea (cercospora spot); Ra aelea lauricola (laurel wilt); Fusarium sp. (fusarium dieback); Phellinus noxius (brown root rot); and Sphaceloma perseae (avocado scab). Laurel wilt, brown root rot, cercospora spot and fusarium dieback could become established in New Zealand if the climate here becomes warmer but establishment of ASBVd and avocado scab (which are not restricted to hot climates) is more likely.

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Section: Fusarium Diebackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fusarium Diebackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fusarium Diebackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fusarium Diebackmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exotic plant disease threats to the New Zealand avocado industry and climatic suitability: a review

Everett

Siebert²

2018

NZPP

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“…Taleb (155) recognized such events in diverse fields including finance, history, science and technology. He suggested that black swan events: 1) have extreme impacts; 2) lie outside the realm of regular expectations (they are rare); and 3) are unpredictable.Although all ambrosia and bark beetle-associated diseases are not black swan events, several do fulfill the above criteria since they have large impacts, are uncommon surprises and are unpredictable (2,3,51,56,73,89,94,98,114,137,154,158, 164,165) (Table 1). They are typically understood and appreciated only with the benefit of hindsight and subsequent research.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Destructive Tree Diseases Associated with Ambrosia and Bark Beetles: Black Swan Events in Tree Pathology?

et al. 2013

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Diseases that are associated with ambrosia and bark beetles comprise some of the most significant problems that have emerged on trees in the last century. They are caused by fungi in the Ophiostomatales, Microascales and Hypocreales, and have vectors in the Scolytinae (ambrosia and bark beetles), Platypodinae (ambrosia beetles) and Hylesininae (bark beetles) subfamilies of the Curculionidae (Coleoptera) (73,102,144). Some of these problems, such as Dutch elm disease (DED), have a long history, have been extensively researched, and are fairly well understood (23,56,70,113,149,168,169). In contrast, other similar diseases developed recently and are poorly or partially understood (2,3,42,51,73,89,94,98,114,127,137,154,158, 164,165). Significant data gaps may exist for the ecology, epidemiology and management of the latter diseases.The emergence and unexpected importance of these tree diseases are discussed in thisarticle. An underlying factor in most of these interactions is the absence of a coevolved history between the so-called "naïve" or "new encounter" host trees and the pathogens and/or beetles (27,128,174). For the ambrosia beetles, these interactions are associated with susceptibility to what are typically benign fungi and atypical relationships with healthy trees (ambrosia beetles favor trees that are dead or stressed). Interestingly, the pathogens for both the ambrosia and bark beetle-associated diseases often have symbiotic relationships with the insects that are not based on phytopathogenicity. Some of the most alarming and damaging of these diseases are considered below as "black swan events" (155).Black Swans. Before 1697, improbable events and situations in Europe were known as "black swans" (at the time, all swans known to Europeans were white) (134). In that year, the black swan, Cygnus atratus, was discovered in Western Australia (38). Thereafter, "black swan" developed as a metaphor for a supposed impossibility that is contradicted with new information.For example, John Stuart Mill used black swan logical fallacy when identifying falsification, a key component in the scientific method (68).In a recent book, Taleb (155) developed Black Swan Theory (BST). Unlike the "black swan" to which Mill referred (68), BST focuses on unexpected events of large magnitude and consequence (155). Taleb (155) recognized such events in diverse fields including finance, history, science and technology. He suggested that black swan events: 1) have extreme impacts; 2) lie outside the realm of regular expectations (they are rare); and 3) are unpredictable.Although all ambrosia and bark beetle-associated diseases are not black swan events, several do fulfill the above criteria since they have large impacts, are uncommon surprises and are unpredictable (2,3,51,56,73,89,94,98,114,137,154,158, 164,165) (Table 1). They are typically understood and appreciated only with the benefit of hindsight and subsequent research.The Beetles and Beetle-associated Tree Diseases. The order Coleoptera contains more species than any other or...

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Ambrosia Beetles

Hulcr

Skelton

2023

Forest Entomology and Pathology

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An Asian ambrosia beetle Euwallacea fornicatus and its novel symbiotic fungus Fusarium sp. pose a serious threat to the Israeli avocado industry

Cited by 139 publications

References 5 publications

Exotic plant disease threats to the New Zealand avocado industry and climatic suitability: a review

Exotic plant disease threats to the New Zealand avocado industry and climatic suitability: a review

Destructive Tree Diseases Associated with Ambrosia and Bark Beetles: Black Swan Events in Tree Pathology?

Ambrosia Beetles

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