Exotic plant disease threats to the New Zealand avocado industry and climatic suitability: a review

Everett, K.R.; Siebert, Brad

doi:10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.140

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, in avocado ( Persea americana ) orchards in Taiwan (Ann et al., 2002 ) and Australia (Dann et al., 2009 ), P. noxium was reported to cause considerable losses to avocado growers by killing the trees. In Australia, there are reports of mortality rate of 10% in several avocado orchards, with an estimated economic loss of $AUD5400 per hectare (Dann et al., 2009 ; Everett & Siebert, 2018 ). Moreover, P. noxium can persist in the soil, even after infected plants are removed (see Section 3.1.2 ).…”

Section: Pest Categorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of Pyrrhoderma noxium

Bragard,

Baptista,

Chatzivassiliou

et al. 2024

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Following the commodity risk assessment of bonsai plants (Pinus parviflora grafted on Pinus thunbergii) from China performed by EFSA, the EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Pyrrhoderma noxium, a clearly defined plant pathogenic basidiomycete fungus of the order Hymenochaetales and the family Hymenochaetaceae. The pathogen is considered as opportunistic and has been reported on a wide range of hosts, mainly broad-leaved and coniferous woody plants, causing root rots. In addition, the fungus was reported to live saprophytically on woody substrates and was isolated as an endophyte from a few plant species. This pest categorisation focuses on the hosts that are relevant for the EU (e.g. Citrus, Ficus, Pinus, Prunus, Pyrus, Quercus and Vitis vinifera). Pyrrhoderma noxium is present in Africa, Central and South America, Asia and Oceania. It has not been reported in the EU. Pyrrhoderma noxium is not included in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. Plants for planting (excluding seeds), bark and wood of host plants as well as soil and other growing media associated with plant debris are the main pathways for the entry of the pathogen into the EU. Host availability and climate suitability factors occurring in parts of the EU are favourable for the establishment and spread of the pathogen. The introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU are expected to have an economic and environmental impact in parts of the territory where hosts are present. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU. Pyrrhoderma noxium satisfies all the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as potential Union quarantine pest.

show abstract

Section: Pest Categorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of Pyrrhoderma noxium

Bragard,

Baptista,

Chatzivassiliou

et al. 2024

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Climatic conditions in the EU are not a limiting factor for ASBVd establishment, because establishment is dependent only on the availability of host plants in the EU. Therefore, the viroid is expected to thrive wherever avocado trees grow (Everett and Siebert, 2018 ).…”

Section: Pest Categorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of the avocado sunblotch viroid

Bragard¹,

Baptista²,

Chatzivassiliou³

et al. 2023

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health conducted a pest categorisation of the avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) for the EU. The identity of ASBVd, a member of the genus Avsunviroid (family Avsunviroidae) is clearly defined and detection and identification methods are available. The pathogen is not included in the EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072. ASBVd has been reported in Australia, Ghana, Guatemala, Israel, Mexico, Peru, South Africa, USA (California, Florida) and Venezuela. In the EU, it has been reported in Greece (Crete Island) and Spain. The pathogen could establish in the EU wherever avocado (Persea americana) is grown. The only known natural host of ASBVd is avocado to which it causes the severe ‘avocado sunblotch’ disease, characterised by white, yellow, red or necrotic depressed areas or scars on the fruit surface, bleached veins and petioles of the leaf, and rectangular cracking patterns in the bark of the old branches. Fruit yield and quality are severely diminished. ASBVd infects under experimental conditions a few more species in the family Lauraceae. The viroid is naturally transmitted at an extremely high rate by seeds (up to 100% in asymptomatically infected trees), but with a low efficiency by pollen (only to the produced seeds), and possibly through root grafts. Plants for planting, including seeds, and fresh avocado fruits were identified as the most relevant pathways for further entry of ASBVd into the EU. Avocado crops are cultivated in southern EU countries. Should the pest further enter and establish in the EU, impact on the production of avocado is expected. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent entry and spread of the viroid in the EU. ASBVd fulfils the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for it to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest.

show abstract

“…Currently, this fungus is classified within the phylum Ascomycota, subphylum Pezizomycotina, class Dothideomycetes, order Capnodiales, and family Mycosphaerellaceae (EPPO, 2020). P. purpurea, its rapid spread and damage to avocados have made it one of the principal problems for the industry in Martinique, Cameroon, South Africa and in the French West Indies (Gustafson, 1976;Willis and Mavuso, 2007;Everett and Siebert, 2018). In Mexico, it is the second most common disease in avocados (Turu, 1969).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of black spot [(Pseudocercospora purpurea (Cooke) Deighton] management strategies in avocado crops in northern Tolima (Colombia)

Rodríguez-Polanco

Reina-Noreña²,

Tamayo-Molano

et al. 2020

Rev. Colomb. Cienc. Hortic.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leaf spot or black spot (BS) in avocado, caused by the fungus Pseudocercospora purpurea (Cooke) Deighton, is one of the main sanitary limitations for the production of avocado, particularly for the Antillean cultivars (Lorena, Choquette, Santana, and Semil 44) in the northern region of the department of Tolima, Colombia. During 2014-2017, different experiments were carried out in the field, aiming to determine the period of higher fruit susceptibility, the effect of pruning on inoculum reduction, and chemical molecules with a high degree of control, adjusting their chronology and frequency of application. The results allow the technical, economic, and environmental implementation and validation of a chemical strategy for management of this disease. The management strategy carried out by Agrosavia reported a 10% lower incidence of BS in fruits, compared to the one carried out by producers, and a 23.75% return, due to the increase in high quality fruits. In the latter, DMI fungicides (demethylation inhibitors), even without resistance reports, and fungicides with a mixture of two active ingredients (DMI and QoI) in interspersed application and sometimes in conjunction with CuOCl during periods of higher susceptibility to BS were used, aiming to reduce the resistance induction risk in P. purpurea.

show abstract

Exotic plant disease threats to the New Zealand avocado industry and climatic suitability: a review

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Pest categorisation of Pyrrhoderma noxium

Pest categorisation of Pyrrhoderma noxium

Pest categorisation of the avocado sunblotch viroid

Validation of black spot [(Pseudocercospora purpurea (Cooke) Deighton] management strategies in avocado crops in northern Tolima (Colombia)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About