An approach to construct simplified measures of dietary patterns from exploratory factor analysis

Schulze, Matthias B.; Hoffmann, Kurt; Kroke, Anja; Boeing, Heiner

doi:10.1079/bjn2002778

Cited by 182 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, it must be acknowledged the method is data-specific, thus the pattern and their associations extracted in one study population may not be reproduced in other populations (Schulze et al, 2003). This kind of analysis can facilitate the development of interven- tions aimed at modifying eating patterns, rather than specific components of the diet (Mishra et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of food patterns in Spanish children and adolescents: the enKid study

et al. 2003

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Objective: To analyse prevailing food patterns among Spanish children and young people and their relationship to sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Design: Cross-sectional population survey. Setting: Population study. Data were collected at participants' home addresses. Subjects: Random sample of the Spanish population aged 2-24 y (n ¼ 3534; 1629 boys and 1905 girls). Interventions: Food consumption was assessed by means of a 24-h recall and a food frequency questionnaire. Sociodemographic and lifestyle related data were collected by specially designed questionnaires, previously pretested and validated. All the information was collected during a personal interview by trained dietitians. Data collection: May 1998-April 2000.Results: Average consumption of fruit and vegetables was low. The youngest age group (2-5 y) showed the lowest proportions of inadequacy for the dairy group (Po0,001; w 2 ¼ 39.11 boys; w 2 ¼ 49.60 girls). Factor analysis identified five main components of dietary patterns. The 'Snacky' pattern was characterised by more frequent and higher consumption of bakery products (buns, cakes and biscuits), sweets, salted snacks and soft drinks. Higher intakes of fruit, vegetables and fish were associated to the 'Healthy' pattern. Children whose mother had a low level of education and those who spent more than 2 h daily watching TV were more likely to follow the 'Snacky' pattern. Girls were more likely to follow the 'Healthy' pattern, while children and young people whose mother had a lower level of education were less likely. Conclusion: Results from this study highlight the importance of enhancing school-based and community-based actions to promote healthy eating and physical activity addressed to children and young people.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of food patterns in Spanish children and adolescents: the enKid study

et al. 2003

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“…We calculated patterns scores for each individual by summing the standardized food intakes (standardizing to mean zero and standard deviation one) for each pattern. This method has been shown to lead only to a minor loss of information compared to the more common determination of factor scores in exploratory [41] and confirmatory factor analysis [42] that incorporate weights corresponding to the observed factor loadings.…”

Section: Assessment Of Non-dietary Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processed meat intake and incidence of Type 2 diabetes in younger and middle-aged women

Schulze¹,

et al. 2003

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Aim/hypothesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between processed and other meat intake and incidence of Type 2 diabetes in a large cohort of women. Methods. Incident cases of Type 2 diabetes were identified during 8 years of follow-up in a prospective cohort study of 91246 U.S. women aged 26 to 46 years and being free of diabetes and other major chronic diseases at baseline in 1991. Results. We identified 741 incident cases of confirmed Type 2 diabetes during 716276 person-years of follow-up. The relative risk adjusted for potential nondietary confounders was 1.91 (95% CI: 1.42-2.57) in women consuming processed meat five times or more a week compared with those consuming processed meat less than once a week (p<0.001 for trend). Further adjustment for intakes of magnesium, cereal fibre, glycaemic index, and caffeine or for a Western dietary pattern did not appreciably change the results and associations remained strong after further adjustment for fatty acid and cholesterol intake. Frequent consumption of bacon, hot dogs, and sausage was each associated with an increased risk of diabetes. While total red meat (beef or lamb as main dish, pork as main dish, hamburger, beef, pork or lamb as sandwich or mixed dish) intake was associated with an increased risk of diabetes, this association was attenuated after adjustment for magnesium, cereal fiber, glycaemic index, and caffeine (relative risk: 1.44; 95% CI: 0.92-2.24).

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“…Since we eat complex food, not single nutrients or food items, the focus has recently turned more towards dietary patterns (Hoffmann et al, 2000;Schulze et al, 2003). Analysing dietary patterns may be a useful tool to explain the complex relationship between diet and health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary patterns and lifestyle factors in the Norwegian EPIC cohort: The Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study

et al. 2005

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Objective: To identify different dietary patterns in Norway using a combination of cluster and factor analysis. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Nation-wide, population-based study. Subjects: The Norwegian EPIC cohort is a subcohort of the Norwegian Women and Cancer study (NOWAC), and consist 37.226 women aged 41-56 y who answered a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in 1998. Interventions: The associations among 50 food variables were first investigated by using principal component analysis. Five important factors were found. The five principal components were then used as input in the cluster analysis. Different socioeconomic and lifestyle variables were examined. Results: Six clusters of dietary patterns were found, and were labelled accordingly: 'traditional fish eaters', 'healthy eaters', 'average, less fish, less healthy', 'Western', 'traditional bread eaters', and 'alcohol users'. The traditional fish eaters and the traditional bread eaters were both highly represented in the north and west of Norway and were more likely to be present among persons with lower income and lower education. The healthy and the alcohol drinkers were found mostly in the south and east and were more likely to have higher income. Persons in the alcohol group were more likely to be current smokers. The western group had the highest percentage of three or more persons in the household and the shortest time since last birth, indicating that families with children dominate this group. Conclusion: Our data indicate six different dietary patterns in Norway, each with different socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics.

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An approach to construct simplified measures of dietary patterns from exploratory factor analysis

Cited by 182 publications

References 35 publications

Sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of food patterns in Spanish children and adolescents: the enKid study

Sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of food patterns in Spanish children and adolescents: the enKid study

Processed meat intake and incidence of Type 2 diabetes in younger and middle-aged women

Dietary patterns and lifestyle factors in the Norwegian EPIC cohort: The Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study

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