An Approach to Accurate Diffusion Assays

Kavanagh, Frederick

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-403502-7.50010-7

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The diameter of the inhibition zone in Petri dishes was calculated. The same thing was done for antifungal activity; the media was replaced by Sabouraud dextrose agar [ 43 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Tribulus terrestris L., Typha domingensis Pers., and Ricinus communis L.: Scientific Evidences for Folkloric Uses

Khalid

Algarni

Homeida

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Many medicinal plants have been utilized for centuries despite the lack of scientific evidence of their therapeutic effects. This study evaluated the phytochemical and dual biological profiling, namely, antibacterial and cytotoxic properties, of three plant species, namely, Tribulus terrestris L., Typha domingensis Pers., and Ricinus communis L., in order to explore potential relationships (if any) with their ethnopharmacological uses. GC-MS was used to achieve phytochemical screening of two plant extracts (T. terrestris and T. domingensis). The primary chemicals detected in varying amounts in both extracts were siloxane derivatives, fatty acid esters, diisooctyl phthalate, phytosterol, and aromatic acid esters. According to the findings, the major component detected in both extracts was 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and diisooctyl ester (antibacterial and antifungal). T. domingensis contained a low level of benzoic acid, methyl ester (antibacterial). Both extracts included stigmasterol and sitosterol, as well as six different forms of fatty acid esters. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, thyroid inhibitor, and anti-inflammatory properties have all been described. Human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), human ovary adenocarcinoma (A2780), and human colon adenocarcinoma (HT29), as well as normal human fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC5), all showed cytotoxic activity. The most potent activity against A2780 cells was seen in T. terrestris and T. domingensis extracts (IC50: 3.69 and 5.87 g/mL, respectively). R. communis was more active against MCF7 cells (1.52 μg/mL) followed by A2780 and HT29 cells, respectively. R. communis showed a dose-dependent clonogenic effect against MCF7 cells. The antibacterial activity of all three plant extracts was tested against three standard Gram-positive, four standard Gram-negative, and two clinical bacterial strains. Among the three extracts examined, T. terrestris was the most effective, followed by R. communis, and finally, T. domingensis plant extract was effective against various isolated bacteria. This study, interestingly, sheds light on the bioactive components found in plant extracts that can be utilized for cytotoxic and antibacterial purposes.

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“…The diameter of the inhibition zone in Petri dishes was calculated. The same thing was done for antifungal activity; the media was replaced by Sabouraud dextrose agar [ 43 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Tribulus terrestris L., Typha domingensis Pers., and Ricinus communis L.: Scientific Evidences for Folkloric Uses

Khalid

Algarni

Homeida

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…e method used for antibacterial study was also adopted for testing the extract for antifungal activity. e only difference in the method is that instead of Mueller-Hinton agar medium, another medium (Sabouraud dextrose agar medium) was used and the inoculated medium was maintained at 25 °C [20].…”

Section: In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Testing Of Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of the Fruits of Miswak Plant, Salvadora persica L.

Bratty

Makeen

Alhazmi

et al. 2020

Journal of Chemistry

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Salvadora persica L. (Salvadoraceae) is an evergreen shrub growing in the Middle East, Africa, and Southern Asia. It is traditionally known as “miswak” and used as toothbrushes and for the treatment of toothache, gum diseases, boils, chest infection, gonorrhea, headache, spleen troubles, stomachache, and ulcers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study aimed at conducting phytochemical, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial investigations of the fruits (berries) of S. persica collected from the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Analysis of the ethanol extract of S. persica fruits using GC-MS showed the presence of six esters (20.71%), seven alkanes (15.47%), tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane (9.91%), eicosamethyl-cyclodecasiloxane (7.27%), and 1-monolinoleoylglycerol (5.17%). The predominant constituents were acetyl dasycarpidan-1-methanol (10.47%), tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane (9.91%), eicosamethyl-cyclodecasiloxane (7.27%), and 1-monolinoleoylglycerol (5.17%). The petroleum ether extract of the fruits contained mainly eicosamethyl-cyclodecasiloxane (23.81%), 1-monolinoleoylglycerol (11.78%), (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid ethyl ester derivative (10.56%), and tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane (9.91%). The cytotoxic properties of the ethanol extract were investigated by MTT assay against the breast MCF7, ovary A2780, and colon HT29 cells. The fruit extract of S. persica was selective against the ovarian and colon cancer cells compared to normal fibroblast cells (MRC5) as it showed IC50 values 17.50, 8.35, and 5.12, against MCF7, A2780, and HT29 cells, respectively. Interestingly, the fruit extract was also found to possess selective antimicrobial activity for Streptococcus mutans isolates with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 3.12 and 6.25 mg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, it was found to be ineffective against other Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative microorganisms. This study provides insight into the bioactive components present in the fruits of the plant that can be utilized for its cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties.

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“…Seven different derivatives of siloxanes detected in alcoholic extract are frequently utilized in a variety of industrial processing and consumer goods, including paper coatings, cosmetics, shampoos, and textiles. Its numerous advantageous traits and crucial chemical feedstocks for the synthesis of variety of silicone products (Kavanagh, 1972). Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (5.24%), tetradecamethyl-cycloheptasiloxane (7.67%), hexadecamethyl-cyclooctasiloxane (3.12%) and 1, 1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13,15,15-hexadecamethyloctasiloxane (3.15%) were having anti-microbial properties (Kavanagh, 1972;Kim et al, 2019;Khosravani et al, 2020), while hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (2.3%) was anticancer in nature (Klaunig et al, 2016), octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane (2.55%) was pharmacologically estrogenic compound (Praveen Kumar et al, 2010).…”

Section: Phytochemical Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its numerous advantageous traits and crucial chemical feedstocks for the synthesis of variety of silicone products (Kavanagh, 1972). Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (5.24%), tetradecamethyl-cycloheptasiloxane (7.67%), hexadecamethyl-cyclooctasiloxane (3.12%) and 1, 1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13,15,15-hexadecamethyloctasiloxane (3.15%) were having anti-microbial properties (Kavanagh, 1972;Kim et al, 2019;Khosravani et al, 2020), while hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (2.3%) was anticancer in nature (Klaunig et al, 2016), octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane (2.55%) was pharmacologically estrogenic compound (Praveen Kumar et al, 2010). Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (1.42%) is a cyclic siloxane used in the formulation and production of variety of consumer products (Kumaradevan et al, 2015).…”

Section: Phytochemical Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive principles, antibacterial and anticancer properties of Artemisia arborescens L.

Sultana

Makeen

Alhazmi

et al. 2023

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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Artemisia arborescens is a medicinal and aromatic plant used in traditionally by the people of Saudi Arabia. This research attempts to evaluate the bioactive constituents of the plant using organic solvents, as well as the antibacterial and anticancer properties of plant extracts. The Phytochemical analysis of methanol extract revealed eleven bioactive constituents, identified by comparing their retention periods and GC-MS profiles to account for 52.45 percent of the studied extract. In the meantime, the extract of pet ether had demonstrated the presence of sixteen significant constituents, six of which were distinct sesquiterpene derivatives. In lipophilic plant extract, three higher alkanes made up 12.49% of the total. These higher alkanes were tetratriacontane (6.55%), hentriacontane (4.17%), and octacosane (1.77%). Studies on antimicrobial activity have revealed that both methanolic and petroleum ether extracts had a broad spectrum of activity against specific human pathogens. Both extracts, however, failed to exhibit any anti-Candida albicans activity. Methanolic extract not shown inhibition in the cell growth of MCF-7 cell, but petroleum ether extract had shown significant anti-cancer activity against MCF-7 cell with an IC50 of 13.49 µg/mL. the results obtained show that A. arborescens have a lot of potential for further research into variety of biological functions, against cancer and microbes.

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An Approach to Accurate Diffusion Assays

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Tribulus terrestris L., Typha domingensis Pers., and Ricinus communis L.: Scientific Evidences for Folkloric Uses

Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Tribulus terrestris L., Typha domingensis Pers., and Ricinus communis L.: Scientific Evidences for Folkloric Uses

Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of the Fruits of Miswak Plant, Salvadora persica L.

Bioactive principles, antibacterial and anticancer properties of Artemisia arborescens L.

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