An approach for modelling concrete spalling in finite strains

Majorana, C. E.; Salomoni, Valentina; Mazzucco, Gianluca; Khoury, G. A.

doi:10.1016/j.matcom.2009.05.011

Cited by 66 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In addition, the cross-section of the member reduces, hence reducing the flexural rigidity. Thermal spalling, however, is more important in elements with more than 4-5 cm cover (Majorana et al, 2010) or those made of high-strength concrete (Kodur, 2005) containing particles smaller than the cement grains (micro silica, for example) and a moisture content more than 3-4% (Hertz, 2003;Hertz and Sørensen, 2005). For the elements used in this study, which are made from normal strength concrete with a cover of 4·0 cm and moisture of 2%, thermal spalling is not considered.…”

Section: Structures and Buildings Volume 169 Issue Sb1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Firewalls and post-earthquake fire resistance of reinforced-concrete frames

Behnam¹,

Ronagh²

2016

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures

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2Post-earthquake fire (PEF) contributes significantly to loss of life and property following large earthquakes in urban regions. In the absence of adequate PEF provisions in the codes and criteria, an investigation is performed on a reinforced concrete portal frame, divided into two unequal parts by a firewall. Acknowledging that firewalls could break down after earthquake, three fire exposure scenarios are assumed: only the left part exposed, only the right part exposed and the entire frame exposed. In the first two scenarios, the firewall remains intact, whereas in the third it is assumed to be broken down. The building is first pushed to displacement corresponding to the life safety level of performance based on FEMA 356 code. Then, using a natural fire curve, fire analysis is performed. Fire-alone analysis is performed to provide a point of reference. No failure occurs in any of the fire-alone scenarios, or when exposing the smaller part of the building to the PEF. In contrast, exposing the larger part and the entire frame to PEF makes the frame fail at around 50 min and 25 min, respectively. This shows the importance of firewalls to reduce vulnerability of reinforced concrete buildings in case of PEF. The approach used allows designers to choose the position and configuration of firewalls to best protect a building against PEF.

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Section: Structures and Buildings Volume 169 Issue Sb1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Firewalls and post-earthquake fire resistance of reinforced-concrete frames

Behnam¹,

Ronagh²

2016

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In fact, by considering the humidity transport and dehydration phenomena effectively taking place in concrete (see e.g. [2,11]) so that this section will be subjected to the highest thermal flux, it will sustain even the highest internal overpressures with the possibility of being exposed to spalling [12]; such a phenomenon is to be clearly avoided during first heating.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Channel Initial Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Study of a Thermal Storage Module for Solar Power Plants with Parabolic Trough Concentrators

Salomoni¹,

Majorana²,

Giannuzzi³

et al. 2013

Application of Solar Energy

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The thermal storage technology (TSE) has a relevant strategic importance for the success of solar plants devoted to electric energy and heat production. The major benefits in the use of storage include higher efficiency and reduction in the mean levelled cost of the electric energy unit (LEC). Sensible heat storage systems within solid media have been identified, both technically and economically, as a very promising solution. The development of such a storage technology, adopting concrete, could reduce the specific cost to less than 20€ per kWh of thermal capacity; additionally, such a solution is suitable for small-medium size plants with a power ranging from 1 MW to 5 MW, to be easily introduced in the Italian territory and with reduced operational and maintenance needs. In large size CSP systems, as the ARCHIMEDE plant built by ENEL with ENEA technology, a high temperature fluid storage (between 400 and 500°C) is required. Such a temperature seems at present not adequate to allow for adopting concrete, whereas the production of concrete able to sustain 250-300°C appears as a reachable objective. It is supposed to study a storage system characterised by a parallelepiped structure with appropriate section, selfbearing and supported on its major axis, as well as by a piping system directing the thermovector fluid within the cemented matrix

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“…It is also worth mentioning that spalling of concrete cover under fire exposure is an important issue, which occurs suddenly, violently, is brittle and may lead to a significant decrease in the load-bearing of the structure (Debicki et al 2012). The thermal spalling, nevertheless, is more important in the elements with more than 4-5 cm cover (Majorana et al 2010) or made of highstrength concrete (HSC) (Kodur 2005) with particles smaller than the cement grains (micro silica, for example) and moisture content of more than 3-4 % (Hertz 2003;Hertz and Sørensen 2005). As for the elements of this study, which are made from normal-strength concrete (NSC) with the cover of 4 cm and moisture of 2 %, thermal spalling is not considered.…”

Section: Reinforced Concrete Behavior Under the Effect Of Firementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Effect of Prior Damage on the Post-earthquake Fire Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Portal Frames

Ronagh

Behnam

2012

Int J Concr Struct Mater

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Post-earthquake fire (PEF) can lead to a rapid collapse of buildings that have been partially damaged as a result of a prior earthquake. Almost all standards and codes for the design of structures against earthquake ignore the risk of PEF, and thus buildings designed using those codes could be too weak when subjected to a fire after an earthquake. An investigation based on sequential analysis inspired by FEMA356 is performed here on the immediate occupancy (IO), life safety (LS) and collapse prevention (CP) performance levels of two portal frames, after they are pushed to arrive at a certain level of displacement corresponding to the mentioned performance level. This investigation is followed by a fire analysis of the damaged frames, examining the time taken for the damaged frames to collapse. As a point of reference, a fire analysis is also performed for undamaged frames and before the occurrence of earthquake. The results indicate that while there is minor difference between the fire resistances of the fire-alone situation and the frames pushed to the IO level of performance, a notable difference is observed between the fire-alone analysis and the frames pushed to arrive at LS and CP levels of performance and exposed to PEF. The results also show that exposing only the beams to fire results in a higher decline of the fire resistance, compared to exposing only the columns to fire. Furthermore, the results show that the frames pushed to arrive at LS and CP levels of performance collapse in a global collapse mode laterally, whereas at the IO level of performance and fire-alone situation, the collapse mechanism is mostly local through the collapse of beams. Whilst the investigation is conducted for a certain class of portal frames, the results confirm the need for the incorporation of PEF into the process of analysis and design, and provide some quantitative measures on the level of associated effects.

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An approach for modelling concrete spalling in finite strains

Cited by 66 publications

References 32 publications

Firewalls and post-earthquake fire resistance of reinforced-concrete frames

Firewalls and post-earthquake fire resistance of reinforced-concrete frames

Conceptual Study of a Thermal Storage Module for Solar Power Plants with Parabolic Trough Concentrators

Investigating the Effect of Prior Damage on the Post-earthquake Fire Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Portal Frames

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