An Appraisal of the Bilingual Language Production System: Quantitatively or Qualitatively Different from Monolinguals?

Runnqvist, Elin; FitzPatrick, Ian; Strijkers, Kristof; Costa, Albert

doi:10.1002/9781118332382.ch10

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…A major challenge, and topic of continued debate in the literature, is how the different languages are activated and/or suppressed during the process of word retrieval (see Runnqvist, Fitzpatrick, Strijkers, & Costa, 2012 for a recent review). The most influential account, the Inhibitory Control Model (Green, 1998), hinges on two tenets to explain (non-language-specific) bilingual language control: First, that lexical selection involves competition across all languages known to the speaker but also within the specific language in use at the time; and second, that lexical selection in the intended language is achieved by globally inhibiting, thus suppressing, any active lexical representations of the unintended language (see Runnqvist, Strijkers, Xavier Alario, & Costa, 2012 for a detailed overview).…”

Section: Word Retrieval In Multilingual Speakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring word retrieval deficits in a multilingual child with SLI: Is there a better language?

Kambanaros

Michaelides

Grohmann

2015

Journal of Neurolinguistics

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Section: Word Retrieval In Multilingual Speakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring word retrieval deficits in a multilingual child with SLI: Is there a better language?

Kambanaros

Michaelides

Grohmann

2015

Journal of Neurolinguistics

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“…In some rare cases where the doubled words are quite different in meaning and hence not synonymous, these authors were able to notice and indicated that accordingly in the glosses and translations - see (4) and (5). Besides, there is some psycholinguistic evidence that forms of cross-linguistic synonyms or translations are co-activated when a certain meaning (or lemma) is activated (e.g., dog and perro for a Spanish-English bilingual) to the point that a cross-linguistic synonym (e.g., perro ) facilitates the access and production of dog in picture-word-interference experiments (Costa et al, 2000 ; Runnqvist et al, 2013 ).…”

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“… 22 There is some psycholinguistic evidence that the two cross-linguistic synonyms or translations are both highly co-activated when a concept or lemma is activated (Costa et al, 2000 ; Runnqvist et al, 2013 ). See footnote 1 above.…”

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Portmanteau Constructions, Phrase Structure, and Linearization

Chan¹

2015

Front. Psychol.

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In bilingual code-switching which involves language-pairs with contrasting head-complement orders (i.e., head-initial vs. head-final), a head may be lexicalized from both languages with its complement sandwiched in the middle. These so-called “portmanteau” sentences (Nishimura, 1985, 1986; Sankoff et al., 1990, etc.) have been attested for decades, but they had never received a systematic, formal analysis in terms of current syntactic theory before a few recent attempts (Hicks, 2010, 2012). Notwithstanding this lack of attention, these structures are in fact highly relevant to theories of linearization and phrase structure. More specifically, they challenge binary-branching (Kayne, 1994, 2004, 2005) as well as the Antisymmetry hypothesis (ibid.). Not explained by current grammatical models of code-switching, including the Equivalence Constraint (Poplack, 1980), the Matrix Language Frame Model (Myers-Scotton, 1993, 2002, etc.), and the Bilingual Speech Model (Muysken, 2000, 2013), the portmanteau construction indeed looks uncommon or abnormal, defying any systematic account. However, the recurrence of these structures in various datasets and constraints on them do call for an explanation. This paper suggests an account which lies with syntax and also with the psycholinguistics of bilingualism. Assuming that linearization is a process at the Sensori-Motor (SM) interface (Chomsky, 2005, 2013), this paper sees that word order is not fixed in a syntactic tree but it is set in the production process, and much information of word order rests in the processor, for instance, outputting a head before its complement (i.e., head-initial word order) or the reverse (i.e., head-final word order). As for the portmanteau construction, it is the output of bilingual speakers co-activating two sets of head-complement orders which summon the phonetic forms of the same word in both languages. Under this proposal, the underlying structure of a portmanteau construction is as simple as an XP in which a head X merges with its complement YP and projects an XP (i.e., X YP → [XP X YP]).

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“…The present results also illustrate how important it is to bridge the gap between comprehension research on the one hand and production research on the other in order to increase the understanding of language processing in general and bilingual language processing in particular. 5 For an alternative account of language-switch costs involving target strengthening and speaker general conflict resolution rather than inhibitory bilingual language control, see Runnqvist, FitzPatrick, Strijkers, & Costa, 2012;Runnqvist, Strijkers, Alario, & Costa, 2012;Runnqvist, Strijkers, & Costa, in press). …”

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Asymmetrical switch costs in bilingual language production induced by reading words.

Peeters¹,

Runnqvist²,

Bertrand³

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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109

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We examined language-switching effects in French-English bilinguals using a paradigm where pictures are always named in the same language (either French or English) within a block of trials, and on each trial, the picture is preceded by a printed word from the same language or from the other language. Participants had to either make a language decision on the word or categorize it as an animal name or not. Picture-naming latencies in French (Language 1 [L1]) were slower when pictures were preceded by an English word than by a French word, independently of the task performed on the word. There were no language-switching effects when pictures were named in English (L2). This pattern replicates asymmetrical switch costs found with the cued picture-naming paradigm and shows that the asymmetrical pattern can be obtained (a) in the absence of artificial (nonlinguistic) language cues, (b) when the switch involves a shift from comprehension in 1 language to production in another, and (c) when the naming language is blocked (univalent response). We concluded that language switch costs in bilinguals cannot be reduced to effects driven by task control or response-selection mechanisms.

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An Appraisal of the Bilingual Language Production System: Quantitatively or Qualitatively Different from Monolinguals?

Cited by 16 publications

References 96 publications

Measuring word retrieval deficits in a multilingual child with SLI: Is there a better language?

Measuring word retrieval deficits in a multilingual child with SLI: Is there a better language?

Portmanteau Constructions, Phrase Structure, and Linearization

Asymmetrical switch costs in bilingual language production induced by reading words.

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