“…The first was that groups were defined on the basis of scores on the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) Socialization (So) Scale instead of Nye's delinquency questionnaire. The So scale has been found to differentiate significantly between delinquents and nondelinquents not only in the United States, but also in Austria, Costa Rica, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Puerto Rico, South Africa, Switzerland, and Taiwan (Gough, 1965(Gough, , 1968(Gough, ,1969Gough & Sandhu, 1964;Mizushima & DeVos, 1967). Moreover, it has been found to differentiate different levels of socialization within delinquent and nondelinquent samples.…”