This study investigated the selection policy of the Victoria Police Department's oral interview board in terms of personality differentiation among interviewees through the administration of the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) to a sample of 150 men and 129 women applicants for police service. Principal components analysis of the interview ratings indicated that two components reflected the dimensions of assessment for both samples. The first component, which accounted for 50% of the interview variance, had moderate associations with a cluster of CPI scales that suggested a selection policy concerned with social conformity among the men There was no pattern that reflected a systematic selection policy for the women in the first component. The second interview component was based on educational measurements for both samplesThe complexities of modern police work and the consequent demand for appropriately skilled personnel have led to an increased scrutiny of traditional police-selection methods. Traditional selection methods have been concerned with the elimination of unsatisfactory applicants on biographical, physical, and character criteria. Dimensions of character associated with successful performance have received less attention than those associated with inefficiency or malpractice. Assessment of selection efficacy is properly anchored m conceptions of successful police performance. However, given that indexes of successful performance remain on the whole nebulous or negative (i.e., the absence of misbehavior), it is difficult to evaluate the success of selection processes in choosing "good" officers. An increasing number of American studies have dealt with those problems (see Roe & Roe, 1982;Spielberger, 1979), but Australian contributions are nonexistent.Australian police departments select recruits along traditional lines. Applicants are rejected if they fail to meet minimum levels of biographical and physical criteria, and it is relatively simple to characterize recruits as reflections of departmental selection policy in those terms. Of more importance for identi- Special acknowledgment is due to the Victoria Police Department, especially Chief Inspector Noel NewnhamRequests for reprints should be sent to Stephen P James,
A factorial solution of the items of the California Psychological Inventory (C.P.I.) for a sample of 116 14-year-old boys is presented, and related to Hammond's theory of personality structure and the distinction between factorial and clinical scales. A general procedure for factor analysing a pool of items of unlimited size was formulated, involving a two-stage factor analysis and a technique for refining the second order scales.The six main factors were called "Personal adequacy and well-being", "Serious/flippant life attitude", "Sociability and interpersonal competence", "Community alienation", "Rigidity of thought", and "Authoritarianism". Only the first and last scales were not independent. The first four factors fitted Harnmond's theory.
An unobtrusive study was made of vehicles approaching low-volume, uncontrolled cross-intersections, with restricted right sight distances, at which the give-way-to-the-right rule was operative. The hypotheses were that one factor that influenced motorists' approach speeds on the major road was the frequency with which vehicles emerged from the right and that most drivers exceeded the safe approach speed when this probability was low. The mean speeds at a lowand a high-probability intersection were 31 mph (SO km/h) and 22 mph (35 km/h), »s = 140 and 163, respectively (p < .01). (The maximum safe approach speed at each intersection was calculated to be 18 mph-29 km/h.) It was concluded that many drivers deliberately overrely on their predictions about the typical behavior of other drivers and that this is responsible for the behavior denned as hazardous. Further, it was hypothesized that when drivers exceeded the safe approach speed, they were relying on taking evasive action to avoid a vehicle that might emerge from the right. Reduced friction at the low-and high-probability intersections was accompanied by speed reductions of 3.0 mph (4.9 km/h) and 3.5 mph (S.6 km/h) and ns = 28 and 48, respectively (p < .01).This article is adapted from Cognition and Speed Control for Road Safety, an unpublished doctoral dissertation submitted by the author to the University of Melbourne, 1975. The financial support of The Sun News-Pictorial and the cooperation of the Road Safety and Traffic Authority is gratefully acknowledged. Appreciation is also expressed to colleagues for their advice on the investigation and the manuscript.Requests for reprints should be sent to S.
This article explores the politics of humanitarian assistance in the aftermath of the Second World War, by examining the act of framing certain groups of Jewish refugees as “infiltrees”, in the context of the British occupation zone of Germany, and the Bergen-Belsen DP camp more specifically. Based on archival sources and the available literature, it dissects this legal categorisation to help understand who the different individuals categorised as infiltrees were, the wider political conjuncture that informed this framing, and the real consequences felt by those who were framed as such. This article demonstrates the extent to which the attribution of legal categories to those on the move, with tangible effects for those individuals, represents a deeply politicised practice in Europe, which has been operating at least since the first half of the twentieth century, and which continues today.
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