“…Additionally, it impairs immune function in pregnant women, increasing the chance of newborn mortality. 4 The World Health Organization recommends that the As(III) concentration in drinking water be less than 10 mg L −1 and in surface water be less than 50 mg L −1 , respectively, due to its severe toxicity. 5,6 Therefore, it is particularly important to determine the trace levels of As(III) in natural water (rivers, sea, and ocean), wastewater (from pesticides, chemicals, metal processing, and mining, etc.…”