“…In the domain of psychological strain, research has shown that ERI positively predicted a range of psychological (or mental health) outcomes including depression and anxiety (Kikuchi et al, 2009; Guo et al , 2014; Tsutsumi et al , 2012), mental distress and job dissatisfaction (Calnan et al , 2000; Kinman, 2016), and overall psychological ill-health (de Jonge et al , 2000; Elovainio et al , 2013). In the behavioural strain domain, key criteria variables assessed in the context of ERI include increased absenteeism (Ala-Mursula et al , 2005; Allisey et al , 2016), withdrawal behaviours and turnover intentions (Derycke et al , 2010; Loerbroks et al , 2014), and smoking and alcohol consumption (Chen et al , 2016; Kouvonen, Kivimäki, Virtanen, Pentti, and Vahtera, 2005; Kouvonen, Kivimäki, Cox, Poikolainen, Cox, and Vahtera, 2005).…”