An APETALA1 ortholog affects plant architecture and seed yield component in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Shah, Smit; Karunarathna, Nirosha L.; Jung, Christian; Emrani, Nazgol

doi:10.1186/s12870-018-1606-9

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…We found that B. rapa plants grown at 21°C started the floral transition around 24 days after germination (DAG), and quickly developed the first floral primordia (Figure a,b), whereas plants growing at 28°C showed a delayed formation of the inflorescence meristem, with some plants not starting floral transition (stages 1 to 2) up to 29 DAG (Figure a,b). In Arabidopsis, APETALA 1 / AGAMOUS LIKE 7 ( AP1 / AGL7 ) expression is a key marker for floral development (Andrés and Coupland, ) and, recently, mutations affecting a Brassica napus orthologue of this gene in chromosome A02 have been shown to alter plant architecture and flower morphology (Shah et al ., ). We monitored the temporal pattern of expression of the two closest B. rapa homologues to AP1 , BraA.AP1.a ( BraA07g030470.3C ) and BraA.AP1.b ( BraA02g018970.3C ), because these genes are upregulated during floral transition in pak choi ( Brassica rapa ssp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

High ambient temperature leads to reduced FT expression and delayed flowering in Brassica rapa via a mechanism associated with H2A.Z dynamics

et al. 2019

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Flowering time is a relevant agronomic trait because is crucial for the optimal formation of seeds and fruits. The genetic pathways controlling this developmental phase transition have been studied extensively in Arabidopsis thaliana. These pathways converge in a small number of genes including FT, the so-called florigen, which integrates environmental cues like ambient temperature. Nevertheless, detailed and functional studies about flowering time in Brassica crops are scarce. Here we study the role of the FT Brassica rapa homologues and the effect of high ambient temperature on flowering time in this crop. Phenotypic characterization and gene-expression analyses suggest that BraA.FT.a (BraA02g016700.3C) is decisive for initiating floral transition; consequently, braA.ft.a loss-of-function and hypomorphic mutations result in late flowering phenotypes. We also show that high ambient temperature delays B. rapa floral transition by reducing BraA.FT.a expression. Strikingly, these expression changes are associated with increased histone H2A.Z levels and less accessible chromatin configuration of the BraA.FT.a locus at high ambient temperature. Interestingly, increased H2A.Z levels at high ambient temperature were also observed for other B. rapa temperature-responsive genes. Previous reports delimited that Arabidopsis flowers earlier at high ambient temperature due to reduced H2A.Z incorporation in the FT locus. Our data reveal a conserved chromatin-mediated mechanism in B. rapa and Arabidopsis in which the incorporation of H2A.Z at FT chromatin in response to warm ambient temperature results in different flowering time responses. This work will help to develop improved Brassica crop varieties with flowering time requirements to cope with global warming.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

High ambient temperature leads to reduced FT expression and delayed flowering in Brassica rapa via a mechanism associated with H2A.Z dynamics

et al. 2019

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“…This seems to be also the case in rice, where overexpression of MADS15 resulted in reduced number of primary branches in the panicle (Lu et al, 2012). Similarly, a premature stop codon mutation in a homolog of AP1 in rapeseed altered plant architecture and increased the number of seeds per plant (Shah et al, 2018). Taken together, these results suggest that mutations in this group of meristem identity genes may be useful to modulate seed number in different plant species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat VRN1, FUL2 and FUL3 play critical and redundant roles in spikelet development and spike determinacy

et al. 2019

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The spikelet is the basic unit of the grass inflorescence. In this study, we show that wheat MADS-box genes VRN1 , FUL2 and FUL3 play critical and redundant roles in spikelet and spike development, and also affect flowering time and plant height. In the vrn1ful2ful3 -null triple mutant, the inflorescence meristem formed a normal double-ridge structure, but then the lateral meristems generated vegetative tillers subtended by leaves instead of spikelets. These results suggest an essential role of these three genes in the fate of the upper spikelet ridge and the suppression of the lower leaf ridge. Inflorescence meristems of vrn1ful2ful3 -null and vrn1ful2 -null remained indeterminate and single vrn1 -null and ful2- null mutants showed delayed formation of the terminal spikelet and increased number of spikelets per spike. Moreover, the ful2 -null mutant showed more florets per spikelet, which together with a higher number of spikelets, resulted in a significant increase in the number of grains per spike in the field. Our results suggest that a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying wheat spikelet and spike development can inform future strategies to improve grain yield in wheat.

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“…We demonstrate that only multiple knockouts are useful in studying functionally redundant genes typical for polyploids. Although random mutagenesis was a common method to introduce new allelic variants into plant breeding, gene redundancy in rapeseed makes it challenging to reshape a trait by random mutagenesis (Braatz et al, 2018, Shah et al , 2018). Conversely, CRISPR‐Cas‐mediated genome editing enables multiple mutations simultaneously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevating seed oil content in a polyploid crop by induced mutations in SEED FATTY ACID REDUCER genes

Karunarathna

Wang

Harloff

et al. 2020

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Plant-based oils are valuable agricultural products, and seed oil content (SOC) is the major yield component in oil crops. Increasing SOC has been successfully targeted through the selection and genetic modification of oil biosynthesis. The SOC in rapeseed declined during the seed maturation and eventually caused the final accumulated seed oil quantity. However, genes involved in oil degradation during seed maturity are not deeply studied so far. We performed a candidate gene association study using a worldwide collection of rapeseed germplasm. We identified SEED FATTY ACID REDUCER (SFAR) genes, which had a significant effect on SOC and fatty acid (FA) composition. SFAR genes belong to the GDSL lipases, and GDSL lipases have a broad range of functions in plants. After quantification of gene expression using RNA-seq and quantitative PCR, we used targeted (CRISPR-Cas mediated) and random (chemical) mutagenesis to modify turnover rates of seed oil in winter rapeseed. For the first time, we demonstrate significant increase of SOC in a crop after knocking out members of the BnSFAR4 and BnSFAR5 gene families without pleiotropic effects on seed germination, vigour and oil mobilization. Our results offer new perspectives for improving oil yield by targeted mutagenesis.

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An APETALA1 ortholog affects plant architecture and seed yield component in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Cited by 30 publications

References 62 publications

High ambient temperature leads to reduced FT expression and delayed flowering in Brassica rapa via a mechanism associated with H2A.Z dynamics

High ambient temperature leads to reduced FT expression and delayed flowering in Brassica rapa via a mechanism associated with H2A.Z dynamics

Wheat VRN1, FUL2 and FUL3 play critical and redundant roles in spikelet development and spike determinacy

Elevating seed oil content in a polyploid crop by induced mutations in SEED FATTY ACID REDUCER genes

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