An anxious relationship between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gut Microbiota: A tangled chemistry?

Vellingiri, Balachandar; Aishwarya, S Y; Jancy, S Benita; Abhishek, G Sriram; Babu, Harysh Winster Suresh; Vijayakumar, Padmavathi; Narayanasamy, Arul; Sangeetha, R; Gopalakrishnan, Abilash Valsala; Parthasarathi, Ramakrishnan; Iyer, Mahalaxmi

doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2022.03.003

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…The present study is a starting point for other research, since a significant number of ASD children show “dysbiosis” along with immune dysfunction [ 54 , 55 ]. Interestingly, it is known that dysbiosis is often associated with a disruption of the mucosal barrier that is responsible for the alteration in the intestinal permeability leading to a “leaky gut” state [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, it is known that dysbiosis is often associated with a disruption of the mucosal barrier that is responsible for the alteration in the intestinal permeability leading to a “leaky gut” state [ 11 ]. Moreover, the stimulation of dysbiosis could alter the neuronal functions and trigger an autistic behavioral phenotype [ 55 , 56 , 57 ]. This could become a vicious circle, so it is important to carry out additional research to determine whether dysbiosis has a role also in this disease [ 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the stimulation of dysbiosis could alter the neuronal functions and trigger an autistic behavioral phenotype [ 55 , 56 , 57 ]. This could become a vicious circle, so it is important to carry out additional research to determine whether dysbiosis has a role also in this disease [ 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impairment in the Intestinal Morphology and in the Immunopositivity of Toll-like Receptor-4 and Other Proteins in an Autistic Mouse Model

Franco

Gianò

Favero

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) identifies a neurodevelopmental disease defined by social impairments and repetitive or stereotyped behaviors. The etiology of ASD remains unclear; it primarily affects the brain, but a link between gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, inflammatory mucosal pathology and this disorder has been suggested. In particular, a central role seems to be played by an imbalance in pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a protein of innate immunity responsible for the regulation and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Through histochemical and immunohistochemical evaluations we analyzed the intestinal morphology and the immunopositivity of TLR4 and of other pro-inflammatory and apoptotic proteins in BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J mice. Morphological data showed that the mucosal tunica presented longer intestinal villi. The length of the villi and the epithelial surface determine the exchanges of the intestinal mucosa with luminal contents, modifying the microbiota composition. The biochemical and immunohistochemical results indicated a close relationship among the increase of TLR4 and the activation of NF-kB subunits (p65 and p50) and pro-inflammatory and apoptotic proteins, such as cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor nuclear factor—alpha, caspase-3, caspase-8. These preliminary results require more in-depth study but they suggest the TLR4 signaling pathway as a possible target for therapeutic approaches to reduce GI disorders in ASD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impairment in the Intestinal Morphology and in the Immunopositivity of Toll-like Receptor-4 and Other Proteins in an Autistic Mouse Model

Franco

Gianò

Favero

et al. 2022

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…5 Recent evidence suggests that alterations in gut microbiota (GM) composition might influence cognitive functions and behavior, potentially contributing to conditions like ASD. [6][7][8][9] Therefore, some studies indicated that individuals with autism might have differences in their gut microbiota composition compared to neurotypical individuals. These differences could involve imbalances in specific bacterial species, reduced microbial diversity, and variations in the abundance of certain microbial metabolites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the beneficial effects of a dairy infant formula on the gut microbiota of early childhood children with autistic spectrum disorder using static and SHIME® fermentation models

Gomes de Oliveira,

Clementino,

Salgaço

et al. 2023

Food Funct.

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“…For individuals with ASD, GI disorders can significantly affect their social interactions. The GI disorders-related discomfort can make it difficult for individuals with ASD to engage in social interactions, leading to anxiety, irritability, or a desire to withdraw from social situations[ 109 ]. The sensory discomfort associated with GI issues, like nausea or GI distress, can be overwhelming and make it challenging for individuals to focus on social interactions or be present in social environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of gastrointestinal health in managing children with autism spectrum disorder

Al-Beltagi,

Saeed,

Bediwy

et al. 2023

World J Clin Pediatr

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Investigating gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders relies on diagnostic tools to assess muscular contractions, peristalsis propagation and the integrity and coordination of various sphincters. Manometries are the gold standard to study the GI motor function but it is increasingly acknowledged that manometries do not provide a complete picture in relation to sphincters competencies and muscle fibrosis. Endolumenal functional lumen imaging probe (EndoFLIP) an emerging technology, uses impedance planimetry to measure hollow organs cross sectional area, distensibility and compliance. It has been successfully used as a complementary tool in the assessment of the upper and lower oesophageal sphincters, oesophageal body, the pylorus and the anal canal. In this article, we aim to review the uses of EndoFLIP as a tool to investigate GI motility disorders with a special focus on paediatric practice. The majority of EndoFLIP studies were conducted in adult patients but the uptake of the technology in paediatrics is increasing. EndoFLIP can provide a useful complementary data to the existing GI motility investigation in both children and adults.

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An anxious relationship between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gut Microbiota: A tangled chemistry?

Cited by 11 publications

References 151 publications

Impairment in the Intestinal Morphology and in the Immunopositivity of Toll-like Receptor-4 and Other Proteins in an Autistic Mouse Model

Impairment in the Intestinal Morphology and in the Immunopositivity of Toll-like Receptor-4 and Other Proteins in an Autistic Mouse Model

Revealing the beneficial effects of a dairy infant formula on the gut microbiota of early childhood children with autistic spectrum disorder using static and SHIME® fermentation models

Role of gastrointestinal health in managing children with autism spectrum disorder

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