An antimicrobial evaluation of plants used for the treatment of respiratory infections in rural Maputaland, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

York, T.; Vuuren, Sandy van; Wet, H. de

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.038

Cited by 71 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…It was also revealed that the leaf extracts contain antioxidant properties than the bark extracts as shown in Table 2; this implies that most bioactive compound are stored on the trichomes which might probably be on the leaves as reported by Afolayan and Meyer (1997). This result shed more light on the scavenging potency of C. anisata and medicinal properties of this genus in South Africa which is in agreement with the report of York et al (2012).…”

Section: Abts Radical -Scavenging Activitysupporting

confidence: 85%

Phytochemical and antioxidant investigations of a Clausena anisata hook, a South African medicinal plant

Lawal¹,

Grierson²,

Afolayan³

2015

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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Background: Clausena anisata (Willd). Hook (Rutaceae), also known as Iperepesi in Xhosa language is a medicinal plant widely used by herbalists for the treatment and/or management of several ailments such as chronic cough, tuberculosis and lung ulceration in Eastern Cape, South Africa. With reference to the information gathered in our previous study, we investigated the plant's phyto-constituents, as well as its inhibitory effects using aqueous and two different organic solvent of extractions in order to justify its folkloric usage. Methods: Antioxidant activity of the plant was screened through 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) diammonium salt, nitric oxide (NO), and ferric reducing power. Total phenols, flavonoids, flavonols, proanthocyanidins, tannins, alkaloids and saponins were investigated using spectroscopic techniques. Results: There were no significant differences in the flavonoid and proanthocyanidins contents between the leaves and bark extracts of C. anisata respectively, while the total phenolic content of the bark extract of C. anisata was significantly higher than that of the C. anisata leaf. The acetone extracts of both the leaf and bark indicated strong antioxidant activities. Conclusion:The observed activities of the plant extracts could be attributed to the high contents of the phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, proanthocyanidins and tannin. The acetone extracts of the plants have also exhibited strong antioxidant activities in vitro. It has been established scientifically that oxidative stress is linked with several degenerative conditions and diseases; the inhibitory effects of these plant extracts on the free radicals could logically justify the folkloric usage of C. anisata leaf and bark in the Eastern Cape for the treatment of respiratory infection diseases.

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Section: Abts Radical -Scavenging Activitysupporting

confidence: 85%

Phytochemical and antioxidant investigations of a Clausena anisata hook, a South African medicinal plant

Lawal¹,

Grierson²,

Afolayan³

2015

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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“…It is used as a traditional medicine in Africa for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases. The plant is an herbaceous shrub that occurs throughout tropical Africa and other regions of the world (Polya, 2003, Shale, et al, 1999, van Puyvelde, et al, 1988, York, et al, 2011, York, et al, 2012. In Brazil, it is known as false myrrh, and it is mainly used as an ornamental plant and incense (Gazim, et al, 2010, Martins, 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Brazil, it is known as false myrrh, and it is mainly used as an ornamental plant and incense (Gazim, et al, 2010, Martins, 2008. Its leaves and essential oil have been used for the treatment of malaria, cryptococcosis, candidiasis, and respiratory infections (Campbell, et al, 1997, Okem, et al, 2012, van Puyvelde, et al, 1986, York, et al, 2012. Natural products are relatively inexpensive, accessible, and sustainable, and many of them do not have a high likelihood of causing serious adverse effects (Adebayo, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antileishmanial activity of essential oil and 6,7-dehydroroyleanone isolated from Tetradenia riparia

Demarchi

Thomazella

Terron

et al. 2015

Experimental Parasitology

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Tetradenia riparia plant is used as a traditional medicine in Africa for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases as like parasitic. Therapy for leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis specie often fails, and the conventional drugs are toxic, expensive, require a long period of treatment, and adverse effects are common. The alternative therapies using natural products are inexpensive and have few or any adverse reaction. These reasons are sufficient to investigate the new natural therapeutic for leishmaniasis. We evaluated the potential of the essential oil (TrEO) and 6,7-dehydroroyleanone (TrROY) isolated from T. riparia on L. (L.) amazonensis promastigote and amastigote forms, cytotoxicity on human erythrocytes and murine macrophages, nitric production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression. TrEO was the most effective to promote the Leishmania promastigote death. After 72 h incubation, the lethal dose of TrEO and TrROY that promoted 50% Leishmania death (LD50) were 0.8 μg/mL and 3 μg/mL, respectively. TrEO and TrROY were not cytotoxic to human erythrocytes, but TrROY was toxic to murine macrophages resulting in a low selectivity index. The transmission electronic microscopy showed that TrEO (0.03 μg/mL) was able to modify the promastigote ultrastructures suggesting autophagy as chromatin condensation, blebbing, membranous profiles and nuclear fragmentation. Infected-macrophages treated with TrEO (0.03 μg/mL) or TrROY (10 μg/mL) had an infection index decreased in 65 and 48%. TrEO did not induce iNOS mRNA expression or nitrite production in macrophages infected with Leishmania. TrROY and mainly TrEO promoted the Leishmania death, and TrROY showed loss toxicity to erythrocytes cells. Other compounds derived from T. riparia and the essential oil could be explored to develop a new alternative treatment for leishmaniasis.

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“…Its distribution also extends to Swaziland, Namibia, Angola, Uganda and tropical east Africa into Ethiopia (Codd 1985). It is mainly the leaves of Iboza that are used in the preparation of traditional remedies for the management of tuberculosis (Asiimwe et al, 2013), respiratory infections (York et al, 2012), stomach ailments (Okem et al, 2012), diarrhoea, influenza, malaria and headaches (Hutchings et al, 1996). The leaves are reported to contain various phyto-compounds such as terpenoids (Campbell et al, 1997; Van Puyvelde and de Kimpe, 1998) and pyrones (Van Puyvelde et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green synthesis of nano-silver particles from leaf and stem extracts of <i>Iboza</i> (<i>Tetradenia riparia</i>)

Shaik¹,

Mkize²,

Khumalo³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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Background: Secondary metabolites derived from plant extracts can be used in the reduction of metal salts into their respective nanoparticles using simple, environmentally friendly and cost effective green synthesis techniques. Metal nanoparticles have important applications in medicine and agriculture. The leaves of Tetradenia riparia (Iboza), an important medicinal species in South Africa, are reported to contain various terpenoids and pyrones which can be used in the reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) to nano-silver particles. Materials and Methods: Fresh leaves and stems of Iboza were oven-dried, crushed, extracted in water and methanol and filtered followed by incubation with AgNO 3 . Synthesized nano-silver particles were characterised using ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Results:The bio-reduction of metal ion to base metal was rapidly conducted in a single step and at room temperature and pressure. UV-Vis spectra showed the characteristic surface plasmon resonance band of the synthesized nano-silver particles at 410 nm for all extracts. SEM analysis revealed predominantly aggregated spherically-shaped nano-silver particles with a size range of 20-50 nm and an average diameter of 26 nm. The presence of elemental silver in the nanoparticles was confirmed by EDX at 3 keV. As revealed by FTIR analysis, the reducing agents included terpenoids and pyrones which were responsible for reducing and capping the nano-silver particles. Conclusion: Both methanol and aqueous-derived extracts of Iboza leaves and stems can be used to synthesize nano-silver particles. FTIR evidence suggests that the reduction of the silver ions and the synthesis of the nanoparticles may have been actioned by various terpenoid and pyrone compounds found in the plant parts.

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An antimicrobial evaluation of plants used for the treatment of respiratory infections in rural Maputaland, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Cited by 71 publications

References 53 publications

Phytochemical and antioxidant investigations of a Clausena anisata hook, a South African medicinal plant

Phytochemical and antioxidant investigations of a Clausena anisata hook, a South African medicinal plant

Antileishmanial activity of essential oil and 6,7-dehydroroyleanone isolated from Tetradenia riparia

Green synthesis of nano-silver particles from leaf and stem extracts of <i>Iboza</i> (<i>Tetradenia riparia</i>)

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