2018
DOI: 10.3390/ma11091595
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An Analytical Study of Electromagnetic Deep Penetration Conditions and Implications in Lossy Media through Inhomogeneous Waves

Abstract: This paper illustrates how the penetration of electromagnetic waves in lossy media strongly depends on the waveform and not only on the media involved. In particular, the so-called inhomogeneous plane waves are compared against homogeneous plane waves illustrating how the first ones can generate deep penetration effects. Moreover, the paper provides examples showing how such waves may be practically generated. The approach taken here is analytical and it concentrates on the deep penetration conditions obtained… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(33 citation statements)
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References 17 publications
(34 reference statements)
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“…Leaky-wave transmission lines have been used to radiate into highpermittivity media microwave lens antennas 32 , in ground penetrating radars 33 , and as applicators for microwave medical imaging 34,35 . When speaking of radiation beneath the boundaries of conductive media, leaky-wave applicators have been demonstrated as appropriate sources of inhomogeneous (exponentially decaying) waves, which can cause the effect of deep electromagnetic penetration into a conductive medium 36,37 . Along with the non-resonant properties of leaky-wave radiation with potentially lower near fields, the possibility to exploit the deep penetration effect to reach high transmit efficiency in deeply located ROIs was our motivation to propose a leaky-wave antenna for MRI.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Leaky-wave transmission lines have been used to radiate into highpermittivity media microwave lens antennas 32 , in ground penetrating radars 33 , and as applicators for microwave medical imaging 34,35 . When speaking of radiation beneath the boundaries of conductive media, leaky-wave applicators have been demonstrated as appropriate sources of inhomogeneous (exponentially decaying) waves, which can cause the effect of deep electromagnetic penetration into a conductive medium 36,37 . Along with the non-resonant properties of leaky-wave radiation with potentially lower near fields, the possibility to exploit the deep penetration effect to reach high transmit efficiency in deeply located ROIs was our motivation to propose a leaky-wave antenna for MRI.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…4 c to estimate the radiation angle (the radiation direction refers here to the normal vectors of planes with constant phase values). The radiation angle θ rad measured against the broad side direction ( y -axis) in the dissipative medium of the phantom is estimated using the following relation based on 36 , 38 : where β phantom equals the imaginary part of the complex wavenumber constant within the phantom.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, the advances in electronics may allow cost-effective radars (e.g., the GPR presented in [64]). In addition, the use of certain antenna technologies, mainly based on non-homogeneous waves, such as the so-called Leaky Wave Antennas [131], could lead to cheaper radars [132], and possibly also allow improving the radar penetration into lossy media [133,134].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Από τη σκοπιά αυτήν, δυνατότητα διαρροής ενέργειας θα μπορούσε να προκύψει από ρυθμούς -ακτίνες οι οποίοι προσπίπτουν σχεδόν κάθετα στη διαχωριστική επιφάνεια του κυματοδηγού. Αυτές οι ακτίνες συνιστούν το συνεχές φάσμα με σταθερές φάσης μικρότερες από τον κυματάριθμο του ελεύθερου χώρου (β z < k 0 ) και κατά συνέπεια αποτελούν ακτίνες που προσπίπτουν με γωνίες μικρότερες της κρίσιμης γωνίας [86][87][88]. Ανάμεσα στις ακτίνες αυτές είναι και οι διαρρέοντες ρυθμοί με τη διαφορά ότι οι σταθερές διάδοσής τους αποτελούν λύσεις της χαρακτηριστικής εξίσωσης του κυματοδηγού.…”
Section: -1 μελέτη ρυθμών στους ομογενοποιημένους βιολογικούς κυλινδρικούς κυματοδηγούςunclassified
“…Ανάμεσα στις ακτίνες αυτές είναι και οι διαρρέοντες ρυθμοί με τη διαφορά ότι οι σταθερές διάδοσής τους αποτελούν λύσεις της χαρακτηριστικής εξίσωσης του κυματοδηγού. Απάντηση στη βασική προϋπόθεση που πρέπει να διακρίνει τη γωνία πρόσπτωσης ενός ρυθμού για να διαδίδεται χωρίς την επίδραση των απωλειών έχει δοθεί από τον Frezza [86][87][88]. Όπως διατυπώνεται [86][87][88] υπάρχει μία συγκεκριμένη τιμή γωνίας πρόσπτωσης για την οποία οι απώλειες δεν επιδρούν στη διάδοση του ρυθμού.…”
Section: -1 μελέτη ρυθμών στους ομογενοποιημένους βιολογικούς κυλινδρικούς κυματοδηγούςunclassified