An analytical model of diesel injector’s needle valve eccentric motion

Wang, Chuqiao; Moro, Adams; Jin, Tianyu; Sun, Yao; Röll, Andreas; Luo, Fei; Gavaises, Manolis

doi:10.1177/1468087420987367

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…In terms of injector geometry, nozzle configuration is classified into three main categories: the mini and micro sac, as well as the valve covered orifice (VCO) [40,[76][77][78][79]. The difference in the injector nozzle geometry greatly affects the cavitation and evolution of the spray.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Spray Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel Spray: Development of Spray in Diesel Engine

Djamari

Idris²,

Paristiawan³

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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Research and development in the internal combustion engine (ICE) has been growing progressively. Issues such as air pollution, fuel cost, and market competitiveness have driven the automotive industry to develop and manufacture automobiles that meet new regulation and customers’ needs. The diesel engine has some advantages over the gasoline or spark ignition engine, including higher engine efficiency, greater power output, as well as reliability. Since the early stage of the diesel engine’s development phase, the quest to obtain better atomization, proper fuel supply, and accurate timing control, have triggered numerous innovations. In the last two decades, owing to the development of optical technology, the visualization of spray atomization has been made possible using visual diagnostics techniques. This advancement has greatly improved research in spray evolution. Yet, a more comprehensive understanding related to these aspects has not yet been agreed upon. Diesel spray, in particular, is considered a complicated phenomenon to observe because of its high-speed, high pressure, as well as its high temperature working condition. Nevertheless, several mechanisms have been successfully explained using fundamental studies, providing several suggestions in the area, such as liquid atomization and two-phase spray flow. There are still many aspects that have not yet been agreed upon. This paper comprehensively reviews the current status of theoretical diesel spray and modelling, including some important numerical and experimental aspects.

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Section: Factors Affecting Spray Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel Spray: Development of Spray in Diesel Engine

Djamari

Idris²,

Paristiawan³

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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“…The needle motion was assumed to be in the z-axial direction only. No eccentricity or residual fuel effects were considered; such effects have been investigated in [65][66][67][68][69]. In Table 2, the numerical values for the reference state for the inlet and outlet, respectively, are provided.…”

Section: Description Of the Examined Injector And Testing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Cavitation and Friction-Induced Heating Effects of Diesel Fuel during the Needle Valve Early Opening Stages for Discharge Pressures up to 450 MPa

et al. 2021

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An investigation of the fuel heating, vapor formation, and cavitation erosion location patterns inside a five-hole common rail diesel fuel injector, occurring during the early opening period of the needle valve (from 2 μm to 80 μm), discharging at pressures of up to 450 MPa, is presented. Numerical simulations were performed using the explicit density-based solver of the compressible Navier–Stokes (NS) and energy conservation equations. The flow solver was combined with tabulated property data for a four-component diesel fuel surrogate, derived from the perturbed chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state (EoS), which allowed for a significant amount of the fuel’s physical and transport properties to be quantified. The Wall Adapting Local Eddy viscosity (WALE) Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model was used to resolve sub-grid scale turbulence, while a cell-based mesh deformation arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) formulation was used for modelling the injector’s needle valve movement. Friction-induced heating was found to increase significantly when decreasing the pressure. At the same time, the Joule–Thomson cooling effect was calculated for up to 25 degrees K for the local fuel temperature drop relative to the fuel’s feed temperature. The extreme injection pressures induced fuel jet velocities in the order of 1100 m/s, affecting the formation of coherent vortical flow structures into the nozzle’s sac volume.

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“…In the present work, the new designed optical engine will allow to obtain qualitative and quantitative information of lubricant flow characteristics between the piston-ring and cylinder-liner interaction area under real operating conditions with the same specification as that of unmodified engine under motorise conditions. These original and unique data not only will help to improve our understanding of lubricant flow, in particular, the cavitation formation and its development, but also, they can be used in CFD codes to establish reliable models for simulating the real time lubricant cavitating flows in IC engines, like the recent works of Wang and colleagues 15,16 who used advanced cavitation models to simulate cavitation around a diesel injector's needle valve and cavitating flow within a multi-hole diesel injector, respectively. Next section provides details of the optical engine design and its control system, followed by experimental set up and measurement method to visualise the oil film cavitation between the cylinder liner and piston rings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavitation between cylinder-liner and piston-ring in a new designed optical IC engine

Nouri

Vasilakos

Yan

2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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A new engine block with optical access has been designed and manufactured capable of running up to 3000 r/min with the same specification as the unmodified engine. The optical window allowed access to the full length of the liner over a width of 25 mm to investigate the lubricant flow and cavitation at contact point between the rings and cylinder-liner. In addition, it allowed good access into the combustion chamber to allow charged flow, spray and combustion visualisation and measurements using different optical methods. New custom engine management system with build in LabView allowed for the precise full control of the engine. The design of the new optical engine was a great success in producing high quality images of lubricant flow, cavitation formation and development at contact point at different engine speeds ranging from 208 to 3000 r/min and lubricant temperatures (30°C–70°C) using a high-speed camera. The results under motorised operation confirmed that there was no cavitation at contact points during the intake/exhaust strokes due to low in-cylinder presure, while during compression/expansion strokes, with high in-cylinder pressure, considerable cavities were observed, in particular, during the compression stroke. Lubricant temperatures had the effect of promoting cavities both in their intensity and covered ring area up to 50°C as expected. Beyond that, although the cavitation intensity increases further with temperature, its area reduces due to possible collapse of the cavitating bubbles at higher temperature. The change of engine speed from 208 to 800 r/min increased cavitating area considerably by 52% of the ring area and was further increased by 19% at 1000 r/min. After that, the results showed very small increase in cavitation area (1.3% at 2000 r/min) with similar intensity and distribution across the ring.

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An analytical model of diesel injector’s needle valve eccentric motion

Cited by 5 publications

References 59 publications

Diesel Spray: Development of Spray in Diesel Engine

Diesel Spray: Development of Spray in Diesel Engine

Transient Cavitation and Friction-Induced Heating Effects of Diesel Fuel during the Needle Valve Early Opening Stages for Discharge Pressures up to 450 MPa

Cavitation between cylinder-liner and piston-ring in a new designed optical IC engine

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