An analytical literature review of the available techniques for the protection of micro-grids

Mirsaeidi, Sohrab; Said, Dalila Mat; Mustafa, Mohd Wazir; Habibuddin, Mohd. Hafiz; Ghaffari, Kimia

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.01.032

Cited by 83 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Dewadasa et al [63,64] had proposed a mitigation strategy based on an admittance relay, but enhanced it with inverse time tripping characteristic, and named it inverse time admittance relay (ITA). ITA relays are capable of distinguishing and isolating the faults in both gridconnected and autonomous micro-grids [65]. By decreasing the output voltage of the converter, the ITA relay restricts the fault current according to the affected phases.…”

Section: Inverse Time Admittance Relays (Itas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress on Protection Strategies to Mitigate the Impact of Renewable Distributed Generation on Distribution Systems

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The benefits of distributed generation (DG) based on renewable energy sources leads to its high integration in the distribution network (DN). Despite its well-known benefits, mainly in improving the distribution system reliability and security, there are challenges encountered from a protection system perspective. Traditionally, the design and operation of the protection system are based on a unidirectional power flow in the distribution network. However, the integration of distributed generation causes multidirectional power flows in the system. Therefore, the existing protection systems require some improvement or modification to address this new feature. Various protection strategies for distribution system have been proposed so that the benefits of distributed generation can be fully utilized. This paper reviews the current progress in protection strategies to mitigate the impact of distributed generation in the distribution network. In general, the reviewed strategies in this paper are divided into: (1) conventional protection systems and (2) modifications of the protection systems. A comparative study is presented in terms of the respective benefits, shortcomings and implementation cost. Future directions for research in this area are also presented.

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Section: Inverse Time Admittance Relays (Itas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relay setting changes accordingly in terms of time and pickup current to suit the DN conditions. In order to provide more effective protection, a communication system can be applied in order for each relay to interact and exchange information between each other and with a central computer [65].…”

Section: Adaptive Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on Protection Strategies to Mitigate the Impact of Renewable Distributed Generation on Distribution Systems

et al. 2017

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“…In order to prove Proposition 1 and find the constraints upon which the proposition remains valid, we need to find a relationship describing the estimated current for when the current contribution (I a ) from the distributed generation is ignored. This condition is described by (4). Equation (4) is necessary in order to construct inequalities proving Proposition 1 and the reason for its necessity will be explained in further subsections:…”

Section: Theory/calculation: Analytical Analysis Of the Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of various faults within these architectures, the converters interfacing the DER provide limited fault current in comparison to the response of electric machinery [1][2][3]. The maximum output current is typically clamped to 1-3 times the rated output current of the converter [4]. This becomes even more problematic if the microgrid were to operate in islanded mode [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-Based Fault Detection of Inverter-Based Microgrids and a Mathematical Framework to Analyze and Avoid Nuisance Tripping and Blinding Scenarios

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Traditional protection methods such as over-current or under-voltage methods are unreliable in inverter-based microgrid applications. This is primarily due to low fault current levels because of power electronic interfaces to the distributed energy resources (DER), and IEEE1547 low-voltage-ride-through (LVRT) requirements for renewables in microgrids. However, when faults occur in a microgrid feeder, system changes occur which manipulate the internal circuit structure altering the system dynamic relationships. This observation establishes the basis for a proposed, novel, model-based, communication-free fault detection technique for inverter-based microgrids. The method can detect faults regardless of the fault current level and the microgrid mode of operation. The approach utilizes fewer measurements to avoid the use of a communication system. Protecting the microgrid without communication channels could lead to blinding (circuit breakers not tripping for faults) or nuisance tripping (tripping incorrectly). However, these events can be avoided with proper system design, specifically with appropriately sized system impedance. Thus, a major contribution of this article is the development of a mathematical framework to analyze and avoid blinding and nuisance tripping scenarios by quantifying the bounds of the proposed fault detection technique. As part of this analysis, the impedance based constraints for microgrid system feeders are included. The performance of the proposed technique is demonstrated in the MATLAB/SIMULINK (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) simulation environment on a representative microgrid architecture showing that the proposed technique can detect faults for a wide range of load impedances and fault impedances.

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“…Moreover, after any fundamental change in the distribution system (e.g., addition of new feeder), it is necessary to update the relay coordination algorithm [88].…”

Section: Adaptive Protection Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of AC and DC distribution systems Embedding distributed energy resources: A comparative review and analysis

Monadi

Zamani

Candela

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

125

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An analytical literature review of the available techniques for the protection of micro-grids

Cited by 83 publications

References 36 publications

Progress on Protection Strategies to Mitigate the Impact of Renewable Distributed Generation on Distribution Systems

Progress on Protection Strategies to Mitigate the Impact of Renewable Distributed Generation on Distribution Systems

Model-Based Fault Detection of Inverter-Based Microgrids and a Mathematical Framework to Analyze and Avoid Nuisance Tripping and Blinding Scenarios

Protection of AC and DC distribution systems Embedding distributed energy resources: A comparative review and analysis

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