Protection of AC and DC distribution systems Embedding distributed energy resources: A comparative review and analysis

Monadi, Mehdi; Zamani, M. Amin; Candela, José Ignacio; Luna, Álvaro; Rodriguez, P.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.013

Cited by 125 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(145 reference statements)

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“…The nominal current of the lines may vary due to the changes in the microgrid operation modes, load variations or the intermittent behavior of the DGs. Thus, using the fixed relay settings may lead to protection issues such as relays mal-operation and protection blinding [8]. For this reason, in this paper the thresholds of the SMRs are updated after significant changes in the pre-noted factors.…”

Section: Self-healing and Adapting Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substituting (7) into (6), the voltages of the DC busses after a change in the nodal injected power are calculated as shown in (8).…”

Section: A Re-calculating the Smrs Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, the critical operating time for the protection of a VSC is the beginning of the second component of the dc fault current and before the fault current starts flowing through the freewheeling diodes. As this time is given by the size of the dc-link capacitor, it will be typically very short (in the range of a few milliseconds) [8]. Hence, a relatively faster protection device is required for dc networks [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IGBTs) to protect them against the overcurrent; hence, the VSC operates as an uncontrolled full-bridge rectifier and the fault will be fed from the ac side of the VSC (through the freewheeling diodes paths) [7]. Therefore, fault currents in VSC-based dc networks will have three different components, each with its special characteristics: i) the dc link capacitors discharge current, ii) the cable inductance discharge through the freewheeling diodes, and iii) the ac-grid current [8]. Given this fault current behavior, the conventional protection devices and methods that are used in ac systems are faced with new challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Centralized Protection Strategy for Medium Voltage DC Microgrids

Monadi

Gavriluţă

Luna

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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158

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Abstract-1 This paper presents a centralized protection strategy for medium voltage dc (MVDC) microgrids. The proposed strategy consists of a communication-assisted fault detection method with a centralized protection coordinator and a fault isolation technique that provides an economic, fast, and selective protection by using the minimum number of dc circuit breakers (DCCBs). The proposed method is also supported by a backup protection which is activated if communication fails. The paper also introduces a centralized self-healing strategy that guarantees successful operation of zones that are separated from the main grid after the operation of the protection devices. Furthermore, to provide a more reliable protection, thresholds of the protection devices are adapted according to the operational modes of the microgrid and the status of distributed generators (DGs). The effectiveness of the proposed protection strategy is validated through real-time simulation studies based on the hardware in the loop (HIL) approach.Index Terms-Adaptive protection, centralized protection, smart dc microgrids. I. INTRODUCTIONDue to the increasing penetration of DGs, especially in the form of renewable energy systems (RES), the concept of microgrids has been proposed as a method for DG integration into the electrical grids. Microgrid is a common concept in both ac and dc systems and is defined as a smallscale low or medium voltage grid consisting of loads and DGs. Such a system is capable of operating in both islanded and grid-connected modes [1]. Because of the advantages of the dc networks over the ac grids, and also because of the new developments in the technology of voltage source converters (VSCs), nowadays there is a major interest in dc grids in both research and industrial realms [2][3][4][5].At the present moment, protection is one of the most important challenges in the development of dc microgrids. Protection issues mainly arise due to the particular behavior of the fault current in VSC-based networks [6]. When a fault occurs in a dc grid, firstly, the dc-link capacitor is discharged causing the voltage of the main dc bus to drop precipitously. Then, the energy stored in the cable This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under Project ENE2013-48428-C2-2-R. The work of M. Monadi was supported by the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology, Iran.M. Monadi is with Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) Barcelona, Spain and Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran (e-mail: meh_monadi@yahoo.com).C. Gavriluta is with the Grenoble Electrical Engineering Laboratory (G2ELab), France (email: catalin.gavriluta@g2elab.grenoble-inp.fr).A. Luna, J. I. Candela are with Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) Barcelona, Spain. (e-mails: luna@ee.upc.edu, candela@ee.upc.edu) P. Rodriguez is with Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) Barcelona, Spain and Abengoa research, Sevilla, Spain (e-mail: prodriguez@ee.upc.edu).inductance is also discharged through the freewheeling dio...

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Section: Self-healing and Adapting Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substituting (7) into (6), the voltages of the DC busses after a change in the nodal injected power are calculated as shown in (8).…”

Section: A Re-calculating the Smrs Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Centralized Protection Strategy for Medium Voltage DC Microgrids

Monadi

Gavriluţă

Luna

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

Self Cite

158

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show abstract

“…This control scheme is also known as the voltage based fault protection method. A comparison analysis of different fault protection methods of the DC microgrid is summarized in Table 1 [32,33]. …”

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confidence: 99%

Design and Line Fault Protection Scheme of a DC Microgrid Based on Battery Energy Storage System

et al. 2018

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Currently, the Direct-Current (DC) microgrid has been gaining popularity because most electronics devices require a DC power input. A DC microgrid can significantly reduce the AC to DC energy conversion loss. However, a power grid may experience a line fault situation that may damage important household devices and cause a blackout in the power system. This work proposes a new line fault protection scheme for a DC microgrid system by using a battery energy storage system (BESS). Nowadays, the BESS is one of the most cost effective energy storage technologies for power system applications. The proposed system is designed from a distributed wind farm smart grid. A total of three off-shore wind farms provide power to the grid through a high voltage DC (HVDC) transmission line. The DC microgrid was modeled by a BESS with a bi-directional DC-DC converter, various DC-loads with step down DC-DC converters, a voltage source converter, and a voltage source inverter. Details of the control strategies of the DC microgrid are described. During the line fault situation, a transient voltage was controlled by a BESS. From the simulation analyses, it is confirmed that the proposed method can supply stable power to the DC grid, which can also ensure protection of several loads of the DC microgrid. The effectiveness of the proposed system is verified by in a MATLAB/SIMULINK ® environment.

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Enhancing robustness of DC microgrid protection during weather intermittency and source outage for improved resilience and system integrity

Tiwari

Koley

Manohar

et al. 2021

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Despite the advantages pertaining to efficiency, stability, and ease of integration with renewable energy sources, the wider acceptance of DC microgrids has been hindered by the complexity of the protection task. In addition to the absence of zero crossings, the weather-dependent fluctuations in the operation of renewable sources and the high probability of distributed energy resources (DERs) outage further complicate the fault detection and classification task. This paper proposes a reliable DC microgrid protection approach with

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Protection of AC and DC distribution systems Embedding distributed energy resources: A comparative review and analysis

Cited by 125 publications

References 116 publications

Centralized Protection Strategy for Medium Voltage DC Microgrids

Centralized Protection Strategy for Medium Voltage DC Microgrids

Design and Line Fault Protection Scheme of a DC Microgrid Based on Battery Energy Storage System

Enhancing robustness of DC microgrid protection during weather intermittency and source outage for improved resilience and system integrity

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