An analysis overlapping questions in casual ELF conversation: Cooperative or competitive contribution

Gaze and overlap resolution in triadic interactions

“…Next to the syntactic design of turns-inproduction, which appeared to be relevant for quite some examples of our data-set, a very important factor certainly is the prosodic design of overlapping turns. Many studies have shown that during competitive overlaps, speakers raise pitch and increase volume (French and Local, 1983;Schegloff, 2000;Shriberg et al, 2001;Kurtić et al, 2009Kurtić et al, , 2013 to stay ahead of their co-speaker. They may also accelerate ('rush-through', Schegloff, 1982) or, quite the opposite strategy, stretch syllables to signal their determination to finish their turn (Schegloff, 2000;Hayashi, 2013).…”

“…short listener responses; Schegloff, 1982;Jefferson, 1984;Gardner, 2001;Bavelas et al, 2002; and many more). Less studied, at least from an empirical perspective, are overlapping turns that result from or are indicative of, competition for talk between two or more speakers (French and Local, 1983;Schegloff, 2000;Drew, 2009;Heldner and Edlund, 2010;Mondada & Oloff, 2011;Oloff, 2012;Kurti c et al, 2013;Konakahara, 2015). These are generally considered problematic and in need of resolution by the interlocutors.…”

Multimodal Irregular Self-Selection in Chinese Postgraduate English as a Foreign Language Learners’ Conversation: When, How, and Why

“…In line with the multimodality of self-selection, irregular self-selection has the same nature. Moreover, this action has been reported as a demonstration of active involvement in interactions, with EFL learners' talk-in-interaction being one of such cases (Cogo and Dewey, 2012;Konakahara, 2015). Explorations of irregular self-selection could enrich multimodal CA-based turn-taking studies.…”

“…For instance, Carroll (2004) observed that Japanese novice speakers of English used recycled turn beginnings (words) in ways similar to those of native speakers of English as a self-selection device. Moreover, non-verbal resources such as gestures, gaze orientation, and posture are also used by learners to show participating interests in conversation (Olsher, 2004;Konakahara, 2015Konakahara, , 2020Taleghani-Nikazm, 2015;Lee, 2017;Majlesi and Markee, 2018). For instance, Lee (2017) found that learners used to gaze and gesture to prepare for self-selection.…”

“…It must be emphasized that both regular and irregular self-selection are a crucial part of the learning process because they both allow learners to claim speakership for the exchange of views, analyses, and opinions. However, the analysis of irregular self-selection is scarce, and only a few studies have explored it in learners' conversations (e.g., Guillot, 2009Guillot, , 2012Konakahara, 2015Konakahara, , 2020Lee, 2017). For example, Konakahara (2015) examined the interactional environment in which overlapping questions occur (i.e., when) and the interactional functions they serve (i.e., why).…”