An Analysis on Secure Communication in Millimeter/Micro-Wave Hybrid Networks

Abstract

The secrecy outage of millimeter wave (mmWave) overlaid micro wave (µWave) networks under the impact of blockages is analyzed, and closed form as well as integral expressions are provided. Specifically, using a network model that accounts for uncertainties both in node locations and blockages, we characterize the conditional connection outage probability and the secrecy outage probability of hybrid networks with multiple eavesdroppers under basic factors such as density of eavesdropping nodes, antenna gain and blockage density. Upper and lower bounds of the conditional secrecy outage probability for both line-of-sight and non line-of-sight links are derived. As a desirable side effect, certain factors such as blockages and reduced antenna gain can decrease the secrecy outage probability in mmWave networks. This can be considered as a tradeoff between outage capacity and secrecy outage capacity with respect to blockages. Hence, blockages which have been proved to be detrimental for achieving higher data rates in mmWave systems, can be helpful for systems with secrecy constraints. Finally, we have shown the coexistence of mmWave and µWave networks from a secrecy perspective. Index Terms-Secrecy outage, random networks, blockages, millimeter wave I. INTRODUCTION In recent years, the explosive growth of mobile data traffic has led to an ever-growing demand for much higher capacity and lower latency in wireless networks. It has culminated in the development of the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems, expected to be deployed by the year 2020, with key goals of data rates in the range of Gbps, billions of connected devices, lower latency, improved coverage and reliability, and low-cost, energy efficient and environmentfriendly operation. To meet the ever-increasing demands, and keeping in mind that the current wireless spectrum is almost saturated, it is imperative to shift the paradigm of cellular spectrum to a new range of frequencies. In this regard, millimeter wave (mmWave) bands with significant amounts of unused or lightly used bandwidths appear to be a viable way to move forward. With bands of 20-100 GHz available for communication, mmWave can be the cornerstone in the design of 5G networks. MmWave bands are weak and cannot penetrate through obstacles like buildings, concrete walls, vehicles, trees etc. Due to these limitations, such bands were not considered

Safeguarding Millimeter Wave Communications Against Randomly Located Eavesdroppers

“…This will not influence the analysis performed in this paper. Similar assumption has also been adopted by [5], [26], [27], [29]- [34], etc. We assume the AODs of all the destination's paths and those of the k th eavesdropper's paths are distributed within the angular range [θ d,min , θ d,max ] and [θ k,min , θ k,max ] respectively.…”

Secure Communication for Spatially Sparse Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Channels via Hybrid Precoding

“…In [22], a wireless transmission architecture, referred to as a switched phased-array (SPA), was proposed for mm-Wave systems to enhance physical layer security. The authors of [23] analyzed the outage probability of secure communication in a mm-Wave overlaid microwave network in the presence of blockages. The performance in terms of networkwide physical layer security was studied in [24] for downlink transmission in a mm-Wave cellular network.…”

Physical Layer Security Over Fluctuating Two-Ray Fading Channels

“…Leveraging on a stochastic geometry framework, the authors of [5] investigated the downlink PHY-security performance in an mmWave cellular network assuming Nakagami-m fading. Moreover, the PHY-security performance of hybrid mmWave networks has been investigated in [6], [7].…”