An Analysis of the Heterodera Trifolii Complex and Other Species in the Schachtii Group Attacking Legumes

Sikora, R. A.; Maas, P. W. T.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2251-1_22

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Hybridization between nematode species is not an uncommon event and frequently results in the production of viable interspecific hybrids (Mulvey 1958;Mugniery 1979;Ferris & Ferris 1992;. H. daverti and H. trifolii are closely related with most members of the H. trifolii complex being described as nonsexual species or members of a parthenogenic species complex (Mulvey 1958;Triantaphyllou & Hirschmann 1978;Sikora & Maas 1986). H. daverti has also been described as a sexual form of H. trifolii (Wouts & Sturhan 1978) and could be expected to produce viable offspring with H. trifolii.…”

Section: Heteroderamentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid identification of cyst (Heterodera spp., Globodera spp.) and root‐knot (Meloidogyne spp.) nematodes on the basis of ITS2 sequence variation detected by PCR‐single‐strand conformational polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) in cultures and field samples

2000

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Cyst and root-knot nematodes show high levels of gross morphological similarity. This presents difficulties for the study of their ecology in natural ecosystems. In this study, cyst and root-knot nematode species, as well as some ectoparasitic nematode species, were identified using the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) sequence variation detected by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). The ITS2 region was sufficiently variable within the taxa investigated to allow species to be separated on the basis of minor sequence variation. The PCR primers used in this study were effective for 12 species with three genera within the Heteroderinae (Globodera pallida, G. rostochiensis, Heterodera arenaria/avenae, H. ciceri, H. daverti, H. hordecalis, H. mani, H. schachtii, H. trifolii, Meloidogyne ardenensis, M. duytsi and M. maritima). However, pathotypes of Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis could not be distinguished. The method was tested at two coastal dune locations in The Netherlands (one in the lime-poor dunes of the north and one in calcareous dunes of the south) to determine the population structure of cyst nematodes. At each site, cyst nematodes were associated with three plant species: two plant species on the foredune (Elymus farctus and Ammophila arenaria) and one plant species occurring further inland (Calamagrostis epigejos). Two species of cyst nematodes, H. arenaria and H. hordecalis, were found. H. arenaria associated with vigorous A. arenaria and H. hordecalis in association with degenerating A. arenaria and C. epigejos. The field survey demonstrated that in coastal dunes abiotic factors may be the important affecting the distribution of cyst nematodes.

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Section: Heteroderamentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid identification of cyst (Heterodera spp., Globodera spp.) and root‐knot (Meloidogyne spp.) nematodes on the basis of ITS2 sequence variation detected by PCR‐single‐strand conformational polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) in cultures and field samples

2000

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“…and white clover (Trifolium repens). Clover is known to be damaged, in experiments in Britain and elsewhere, by the cyst nematode, Heterodera trifoiii (Cook and Piowright, 1983;Sikora and Maas, 1987). Stem nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) damage to white clover has long been known in England (Ware, 1925) and infestations are associated with unpredictable and declining clover yields (Cook and York, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on the incidence of plant parasitic nematodes in grassland in England and Wales

Cook¹,

Mizen²,

Plowright³

et al. 1992

Grass and Forage Science

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Soil samples taken from one-to four-year-old swards of white clover and perennial ryegrass at 34 sites, and from older clover/grass swards at 56 sites in England and Wales, were examined for plant parasitic nematodes. Stolons of white clover from 46 of these sites were examined for nematodes. Clover cyst nematode (Heterodera trifoiii) and white clover stem nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) were found in 62% and 41% of sites respectively. The grass cyst nematode (Punetodera punctata) •fizs present in 56% of 71 sites examined, and other grass cyst nematodes {H. bifenestra and species of the H. avenae group) occurred in 13% and 17% of sites. Two root-knot nematodes were found, Meloidogyne naasi and M. hapla, in 15% and 4% of the samples examined. Migratory nematodes were extracted from 63 samples, and spiral, pin and lesion nematodes were found in more than 90%. Stunt nematodes were less frequent (65%) and criconematids (19%) were found relatively infrequently. The significance of these observations to grassland productivity is discussed.

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APOMICTIC, POLYPHAGOUSROOT-KNOTNEMATODES: Exceptionally Successful and Damaging Biotrophic Root Pathogens

Trudgill

Blok

2001

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

514

319

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Most apomictic root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) have host ranges that encompass the majority of flowering plants, and M. incognita is possibly the world's most damaging crop pathogen. The ancestors, age, and origins of the polyphagous RKN are obscure, but there is increasing evidence that M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. arenaria are closely related, heterogeneous species with a recent, hybrid (reticulate) origin. If so, they must owe much of their current worldwide distributions to spread by agriculture. Host resistance appears to be generally durable in the field, but laboratory studies suggest that apomixis does not prevent evolution in response to selection by a parasitic bacterium (Pasteuria penetrans) and host resistance. Maintaining general fitness may be the evolutionary priority for most populations of polyphagous RKN, and a wide host range, important in the field but not in the laboratory, may be conserved by apomixis. Several factors may help confer a wide host range, including suppression of host resistance, perhaps as a consequence of the strength of the induced susceptible response. Resistance genes effective against RKN appear not to have resulted from coevolution. Rates of juvenile invasion and/or development are low in many wild and some crop plants, with the result that they are both poor hosts and sustain less damage. Overall, it is suggested that greater coordination, particularly of fundamental research, is required.

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An Analysis of the Heterodera Trifolii Complex and Other Species in the Schachtii Group Attacking Legumes

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Rapid identification of cyst (Heterodera spp., Globodera spp.) and root‐knot (Meloidogyne spp.) nematodes on the basis of ITS2 sequence variation detected by PCR‐single‐strand conformational polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) in cultures and field samples

Rapid identification of cyst (Heterodera spp., Globodera spp.) and root‐knot (Meloidogyne spp.) nematodes on the basis of ITS2 sequence variation detected by PCR‐single‐strand conformational polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) in cultures and field samples

Observations on the incidence of plant parasitic nematodes in grassland in England and Wales

APOMICTIC, POLYPHAGOUSROOT-KNOTNEMATODES: Exceptionally Successful and Damaging Biotrophic Root Pathogens

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