The species of plat parasitic nematodes infesting rice are presented (Ditylenchus angustus, Aphelenchoides besseyi and Meloidogyne, Hirschmanniella, Heterodera, Pratylenchus, Criconemoides, Criconema, Hoplolaimus, Paralongidorus, Longidorus, Xiphinema, Tylenchorhynchus, Aorolaimus, Scutellonema, Helicotylenchus and Caloosia spp.). Information on symptoms of infestation; biology, life cycle, survival, dissemination and host range of the nematode; damage on crops; control measures (cultural and chemical control, and resistance in crops); environmental factors affecting parasitism; and disease complexes.
This paper describes general considerations and protocols for the screening of resistance of different crops (e.g. white clover [Trifolium repens], red clover [Trifolium pratense], lucerne, field beans, cereals and rice) to the important Ditylenchus species (D. dipsaci, D. destructor, D. angustus and D. africanus). The genetics of resistance in crops is also discussed.
Rice species Oryza glaberrima and O. sativa and interspecific hybrids produced at the West African Rice Development Association in Cote d'Ivoire, were screened for resistance to Heterodera sacchari, Meloidogyne graminicola and M. incognita R2. H. sacchari screening was done in field and pot experiments in Cote d'Ivoire. Non-indigenous species were screened in glasshouse tests in the UK. All O. glaberrima genotypes were resistant to H. sacchari from Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana, M. graminicola from the Philippines and M. incognita R2. In pot tests, the number of females which developed on these genotypes was zero for H. sacchari and < 3 for both species of Meloidogyne. Within lines of O. sativa, variation in female numbers (P 0.05) was observed, but all were susceptible both to H. sacchari and to M. graminicola. However, six cultivars and lines of O. sativa were less susceptible (P 0.05) to M. incognita R2 than the check cultivar IDSA 6. Of 14 progeny from O. sativa cv. WAB56-104 x O.glaberrima line CG14, two WAB450-I-B-P-105 and WAB450-I-B-P-160, were resistant to H.sacchari from Cote d'Ivoire. These lines and two others were also less susceptible (P 0.01) to M. graminicola than the O. sativa parent. The susceptibility of some of the progeny to both H. sacchari and M. graminicola and M. incognita was the same as that of the O. sativa parent. Of ten further progeny, screened against H. sacchari from Ghana, WAB450-25-1-10 was resistant. The expression of resistance in the interspecific progeny suggests that resistance to H. sacchari is qualitative, whilst that to Meloidogyne graminicola is quantitative. Resistance to M. incognita R2 was found in O. glaberrima, O. sativa and in one hybrid progeny. None of the species or progeny was resistant to Pratylenchus zeae and there were no significant differences in field population densities of P. zeae, Mesocriconema onoensis or Helicotylenchus dihystera. Resistance aux nematodes Heterodera sacchari, Meloidogyne graminicola et M. incognita chez Oryza glaberrima et chez des hybrides interspecifiques O. glaberrima x O. sativa - Les especes de riz Oryza glaberrima et O. sativa ainsi que des hybrides interspecifiques produits en Cote d'Ivoire par l'Association pour le Developpement de la Riziculture en Afrique de l'Ouest ont ete testes pour leur resistance envers les nematodes Heterodera sacchari, Meloidogyne graminicola et M. incognita R2. Les tests relatifs a H. sacchari ont ete realises, tant en champ qu'en pots, en Cote d'Ivoire. Ceux concernant les especes non indigenes l'ont ete en serre, en Grande Bretagne. Tous les genotypes de O. glaberrima sont resistants aux H. sacchari provenant de Cote d'Ivoire et du Ghana ainsi qu'a M. graminicola provenant des Philippines et a M. incognita R2. Lors des tests en pot le nombre de femelles produites sur ces genotypes sont de zero pour H. sacchari et de moins de 3 pour les deux especes de Meloidogyne. Concernant les lignees de O. sativa, une variabilite (P 0,05) a ete observee dans le nombre de femelles produites, mais toutes ces lignees sont sensibles a H. sacchari et M. graminicola. Cependant six cultivars ou lignees de O. sativa sont moins sensibles (P 0,05) a M. incognita R2 que le cultivar temoin IDSA 6. Parmi 14 descendances du croisement O. sativa cv. WAB56-104 x O. glaberrima lignee CG14, deux WAB450-I-B-P-105 et WAB450-I-B-P-160, sont resistances a H. sacchari provenant de Cote d'Ivoire. Ces lignees, ainsi que deux autres, sont moins sensibles (P 0.01) a M. graminicola que les O. sativa parents. La sensibilite de quelques unes de ces descendances a H. sacchari et aux deux especes de Meloidogyne etait identique a celle des parents. Parmi dix autres descendances ulterieures testees envers H. sacchari du Ghana, WAB450-25-1-10 s'est montre resistant. L'expression de la resistance dans la descendance interspecifique suggere que cette resistance est qualitative pour H. sacchari et quantitative pour M. graminicola. Une resistance a M. incognita a ete decelee chez O. sativa et O. glaberrima ainsi que dans la descendance d'un de leurs hybrides. Aucune des especes ou des descendances n'a montre de resistance envers Pratylenchus zeae et il n'existe aucune difference significative dans les densites de populations au champ de P. zeae, Mesocriconema onoensis ou Helicotylenchus dihystera.
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