An analysis of the formation of color patterns in two fresh‐water fish

Goodrich, H. B.; Marzullo, C.; Bronson, William R.

doi:10.1002/jez.1401250306

Cited by 42 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This interpretation supports the conclusions of early analyses of fin stripe development and regeneration (Goodrich and Nichols, 1931;Goodrich et al, 1954). A role for melanophores in organizing iridophores has been suggested as well (Johnson et al, 1995), implying a cascade of interactions among chromatophores or their precursors: xanthophores → melanophores → iridophores.…”

Section: Chromatophore Stem Cells During Post-embryonic Developmentsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…In turn, these and other observations (e.g. Goodrich et al, 1954;Goodrich and Greene, 1959) suggested a model in which fms (i) acts directly to promote the establishment or maintenance of a subpopulation of stripe melanophore early precursors (above); and (ii) also acts indirectly through the xanthophore lineage to promote melanophore morphogenesis. Thus, interactions between melanophores and fms-dependent xanthophores were hypothesized to contribute to adult stripe formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…This could indicate that xanthophores or their precursors provide maintenance signals to melanophores directly. Arguing against this notion is the normal death of melanophores that become surrounded by xanthophores in the developing melanophore-free interstripe regions of both body and fins (Goodrich et al, 1954;Goodrich and Greene, 1959;Parichy et al, 2000a) (D. M. P. and J. M. T., unpublished data). Alternatively, community effects among melanophores could promote the maintenance of these cells if melanophores present paracrine factors to one another that are essential for their support: local melanophore densities that fall beneath some critical threshold would then result in melanophore dedifferentiation or death, and a failure of normal stripe formation or maintenance (Parichy et al, 2000a;AubinHouzelstein and Panthier, 1999).…”

Section: Chromatophore Stem Cells During Post-embryonic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal and cellular requirements for Fms signaling during zebrafish adult pigment pattern development

2003

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Ectothermic vertebrates exhibit a diverse array of adult pigment patterns. A common element of these patterns is alternating dark and light stripes each comprising different classes of neural crest-derived pigment cells. In the zebrafish, Danio rerio, alternating horizontal stripes of black melanophores and yellow xanthophores are a prominent feature of the adult pigment pattern. In fms mutant zebrafish, however, xanthophores fail to develop and melanophore stripes are severely disrupted. fmsencodes a type III receptor tyrosine kinase expressed by xanthophores and their precursors and is the closest known homologue of kit, which has long been studied for roles in pigment pattern development in amniotes. In this study we assess the cellular and temporal requirements for Fms activity in promoting adult pigment pattern development. By transplanting cells betweenfms mutants and either wild-type or nacre mutant zebrafish,we show that fms acts autonomously to the xanthophore lineage in promoting the striped arrangement of adult melanophores. To identify critical periods for fms activity, we isolated temperature sensitive alleles of fms and performed reciprocal temperature shift experiments at a range of stages from embryo to adult. These analyses demonstrate that Fms is essential for maintaining cells of the xanthophore lineage as well as maintaining the organization of melanophore stripes throughout development. Finally, we show that restoring Fms activity even at late larval stages allows essentially complete recovery of xanthophores and the development of a normal melanophore stripe pattern. Our findings suggest that fms is not required for establishing a population of precursor cells during embryogenesis but is required for recruiting pigment cell precursors to xanthophore fates,with concomitant effects on melanophore organization.

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Section: Chromatophore Stem Cells During Post-embryonic Developmentsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Chromatophore Stem Cells During Post-embryonic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal and cellular requirements for Fms signaling during zebrafish adult pigment pattern development

2003

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“…For instance, simply the increased number of xanthophores in D. albolineatus may interfere with melanophore-melanophore interactions. In support of this notion, melanophores that become isolated within xanthophore-rich interstripe regions typically are lost in D. rerio (Goodrich et al, 1954;Parichy and Turner, 2003b), whereas in the anal fin of D. albolineatus, melanophores and xanthophores appear in temporally and spatially distinct waves, and a narrow melanophore stripe develops (Goodrich and Greene, 1959). Whatever their mechanisms, interactions within and among pigment cell classes suggest a rich source of variation for the evolutionary diversification of pigment patterns, without the necessity of correlated changes in other cell and tissue types.…”

Section: Evolution Of Melanophore Patterning In Daniomentioning

confidence: 88%

Evolutionary diversification of pigment pattern inDaniofishes:differentialfmsdependence and stripe loss inD. albolineatus

et al. 2005

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The developmental bases for species differences in adult phenotypes remain largely unknown. An emerging system for studying such variation is the adult pigment pattern expressed by Danio fishes. These patterns result from several classes of pigment cells including black melanophores and yellow xanthophores, which differentiate during metamorphosis from latent stem cells of presumptive neural crest origin. In the zebrafish D. rerio,alternating light and dark horizontal stripes develop, in part, owing to interactions between melanophores and cells of the xanthophore lineage that depend on the fms receptor tyrosine kinase; zebrafish fmsmutants lack xanthophores and have disrupted melanophore stripes. By contrast,the closely related species D. albolineatus exhibits a uniform pattern of melanophores, and previous interspecific complementation tests identified fms as a potential contributor to this difference between species. Here, we survey additional species and demonstrate marked variation in the fms-dependence of hybrid pigment patterns, suggesting interspecific variation in the fms pathway or fmsrequirements during pigment pattern formation. We next examine the cellular bases for the evolutionary loss of stripes in D. albolineatus and test the simplest model to explain this transformation, a loss of fmsactivity in D. albolineatus relative to D. rerio. Within D. albolineatus, we demonstrate increased rates of melanophore death and decreased melanophore migration, different from wild-type D. rerio but similar to fms mutant D. rerio. Yet, we also find persistent fms expression in D. albolineatus and enhanced xanthophore development compared with wild-type D. rerio,and in stark contrast to fms mutant D. rerio. These findings exclude the simplest model in which stripe loss in D. albolineatusresults from a loss of fms-dependent xanthophores and their interactions with melanophores. Rather, our results suggest an alternative model in which evolutionary changes in pigment cell interactions themselves have contributed to stripe loss, and we test this model by manipulating melanophore numbers in interspecific hybrids. Together, these data suggest evolutionary changes in the fms pathway or fms requirements,and identify changes in cellular interactions as a likely mechanism of evolutionary change in Danio pigment patterns.

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“…A wide variety of mechanisms could be involved, including direct contacts between melanophores, xanthophores, or their precursors, as well as indirect mechanisms involving secreted signaling molecules, trophic factors, or even intermediary cell types. Interactions within and among pigment cell classes were also inferred long ago from studies of developing and regenerating danio fins (Goodrich and Nichols, 1931;Goodrich et al, 1954;Goodrich and Greene, 1959), and more recently, from studies of stripe and bar development in salamander larvae (Epperlein and Lofberg, 1990;Parichy, 1996;Parichy, 2001), suggesting that such mechanisms may be relatively widespread.…”

Section: Pattern-forming Mechanisms and Their Phenotypic Outcomes: Comentioning

confidence: 89%

Evolution of danio pigment pattern development

2006

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Pigment patterns of danio fishes are emerging as a useful system for studying the evolution of developmental mechanisms underlying adult form. Different closely related species within the genera Danio and Devario exhibit a range of pigment patterns including horizontal stripes, vertical bars, and others. In this review, I summarize recent work identifying the genetic and cellular bases for adult pigment pattern formation in the zebrafish Danio rerio, as well as studies of how these mechanisms have evolved in other danios. Together, these analyses highlight the importance of latent precursors at post-embrynoic stages, as well as interactions within and among pigment cell classes, for both pigment pattern development and evolution.

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An analysis of the formation of color patterns in two fresh‐water fish

Cited by 42 publications

References 9 publications

Temporal and cellular requirements for Fms signaling during zebrafish adult pigment pattern development

Temporal and cellular requirements for Fms signaling during zebrafish adult pigment pattern development

Evolutionary diversification of pigment pattern inDaniofishes:differentialfmsdependence and stripe loss inD. albolineatus

Evolution of danio pigment pattern development

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