An analysis of the annual cycle in upper stratospheric ozone

Frederick, John E.; Serafino, G.; Douglass, Anne R.

doi:10.1029/jd089id06p09547

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In particular, this necessitated putting more ozone into the middle stratosphere than is in the GFDL distribution. This adjustment actually brings the ozone distribution more into line with the recent satellite observations discussed by Frederick et al (1984). The zonal cross-sections of the final version ozone mass mixing ratios employed in this study are shown for each month in Fig.…”

Section: Ozone Distributionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Above 10mb the GFDL ozone mixing ratios are based on satellite observations, but are only available in the form of an annual mean (e.g., Fels et al, 1980). In the present study a meridional modulation of the GFDL ozone was introduced above 10mb to roughly account for the seasonal variation documented in satellite climatologies such as that of Frederick et al (1984).…”

Section: Ozone Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dynamics of the Stratospheric Semiannual Oscillation

Hamilton

1986

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper reports on an attempt to use observations to determine the nature of the eddy contributions to the mean zonal momentum balance in the region of the tropical stratosphere that is dominated by the semiannual oscillation (SAO). Since direct observations of the eddy wind fields in this region of the atmosphere are very limited, an indirect procedure was employed. The first step in this process was the computation of diabatic heating rates using observed temperatures and a sophisticated radiative transfer code. These heating rates were then employed to calculate the residual mean meridional circulation.The advection of mean zonal momentum and the Coriolis torque associated with the residual circulation could then be computed. The difference between this contribution to the zonal mean momentum balance and the actual observed acceleration of the zonally-averaged zonal wind was ascribed to the Eliassen-Palm (EP) flux convergence associated with eddies of all types.Meridional profiles of the inferred EP flux convergence were produced for each month of the year at the 1.0 and 0.4mb levels. At both levels there was an indication of the presence of an equatorially-trapped westerly contribution to the EP flux convergence. This is consistent with the suggestion of Hirota (1978) that the westerly accelerations in the SAO are provided by a dissipating equatorial Kelvin wave. In fact at 1mb the total EP flux convergence at the equator is always westerly; this suggests that the dominant contribution to the easterly acceleration near the equator comes from advection by the residual circulation, in accord with the model results of Holton and Wehrbein (1980)

show abstract

Section: Ozone Distributionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Ozone Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the Stratospheric Semiannual Oscillation

Hamilton

1986

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Explorer (SME) results. The model deficiency has also been discussed by Frederick et al [1984] in terms of a previously unidentified source of odd oxygen. Allen and Delitsky [1991] reported that the ATMOS 03 data can be fitted if the currently recommended 02 absorption cross sections [DeMote et al, 1990] are increased by -40%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Odd oxygen formation in the laser irradiation of O₂ at 248 nm: Evidence for reactions of O₂ in the Herzberg states with ground state O₂

Shi¹,

Barker²

1992

J. Geophys. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although the 248‐nm KrF laser photon energy is less than the O2 dissociation energy by about 0.12 eV, O3 is still produced in the laser irradiation of O2 at this wavelength. The O3 is produced by two processes: an initiation process and an autocatalytic process. In the present work, these two O3 formation processes have been studied in pure O2 and in O2+N2 and O2+Ar mixtures at pressures between 200 and 1600 torr and at temperatures between 298 and 370°K. Evidence is presented that the initiation process produces O3 through chemical reactions between ground state O2 and excited O2 in the Herzberg states (A3Σu+, A′3Δu and c1Σu−), which are produced by the photoabsorption of O2 at 248‐nm. For the autocatalytic process, the results are consistent with the proposal that the O3 formation is accelerated by photodissociating vibrationally excited O2(ν), produced in the photolysis of O3 following its initial formation. Both the O2 Herzberg states and O2(ν) may play important roles in the odd oxygen (Ox) chemistry in the middle atmosphere. It is estimated in the present work that the O2(A3Σu+)+O2 reaction may yield up to ∼6% of the total odd oxygen production rate near 50 km; this odd oxygen source is not included in current photochemical models.

show abstract

“…Douglass et al [ 1985] pointed out that advection can produce negative ozone-temperature correlations if the gradients of ozone and temperature are of opposite sign. This condition occurs in winter at stratospheric levels because of an ozone maximum at mid-to high latitudes produced by the greater sensitivity of the photodissociation of ozone compared to the photodissociation of molecular oxygen to variations in solar zenith angle [Cunnold et al, 1976;Frederick et al, 1984]. Because this level is close to the maximum zonal wind speed level and planetary waves that penetrate to this level tend to increase in amplitude with height, the advection term in this model again begins to increase above approximately 2 mbar.…”

Section: Sage II / Umkehr Layer-ozonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…altitudes [e.g.,Cunnold et al, 1980]. As a result, the seasonal cycle undergoes a change in phase[Diitsch, 1971[Diitsch, , 1979] from a summertime maximum in layer 6, which is chemically produced as discussed, for example, byFrederick et al [1984], to an early spring maximum in layer 4 resulting from the accumulation of ozone produced by downward motion over the course of the winter. For these reasons the horizontal gradient of ozone also reverses sign in this layer [e.g.,WMO, 1988].The more recent version[Hsu and Cunnold, 1992] of the three-dimensional dynamical-chemical model of Cunnold et al [1975] uses T18 truncation and two-dimensional distributions of NOx, Clx, and HOx to calculate the relatively small ozone variability between 31.3 and 15.6 mbar.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II‐Umkehr ozone profile comparisons

Newchurch¹,

Cunnold²,

Wang³

1995

J. Geophys. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study compares 1789 pairs of ozone profiles derived from 1384 Umkehr observations at 14 different stations and 1163 Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II profiles coincident within 1000 km and 14 hours between October 1984 and April 1989. The comparison indicates the following significant percentage differences (SAGE II‐Umkehr)/Umkehr with 2 × standard errors of the mean: Umkehr layer 4, (18.3±0.8)%; layer 5, (−1.6±0.4)%; layer 6, (−6.2±0.5)%; layer 7, (0.8±0.6)%; layer 8, (7.7±0.6)%; and layer 9, (12.0±1.1)%. Differences in layers 4 and 6 are due, at least in part, to inaccurate Umkehr climatologies. Average SAGE II/Umkehr differences in layers 5 through 9 at individual stations are generally less than 10%. While the Umkehr retrievals are known to be sensitive to aerosol interference, the mean layer 8 correction during the period of this study is estimated to be only 2% with large station‐to‐station variability. The correction in lower layers is smaller. We have chosen to ignore the small Umkehr aerosol correction in this study. The mean difference would decrease if Umkehr profiles were corrected for a priori profile effects calculated by DeLuisi et al. (1989a). However, using the newer Bass and Paur (1985) ozone absorption cross sections would tend to increase the differences at most levels. The profile of mean differences is similar to previously observed differences between Umkehr and solar backscattered ultraviolet (SBUV) observations. Comparing SAGE II/Umkehr differences to SAGE I/Umkehr differences at seven common stations shows a bias of −4% at the ozone peak (layer 4). This bias increases with altitude to 8% in layer 8 and 15% in layer 9, with SAGE II ozone partial pressures higher than or equal to those of SAGE I (version 6.1) relative to Umkehr in all layers above 4. A systematic upward reference‐altitude shift between 0.25 and 0.50 km for SAGE I, similar to the quoted uncertainty, would increase SAGE I ozone 4% to 8% in layer 8 and would result in similar SAGE and Umkehr ozone trends during the 1980s. Cross correlations of numerous variables associated with the Umkehr and SAGE II data sets show a minimum correlation between SAGE II and Umkehr ozone partial pressures in layers 5, 8, and 9. This correlation is a result similar to the one previously noted in other comparisons against Umkehr data. We discuss these minimum correlations in relationship to the seasonal cycle in ozone and synoptic scale variations at midlatitudes based on model results. Substantial differences between SAGE II and Umkehr exist in both the mean and the variability of ozone in layers 8 and 9. Substantial differences also exist in layer 6 where the Umkehr algorithm does not retrieve the low ozone values periodically observed by SAGE II during winter.

show abstract

An analysis of the annual cycle in upper stratospheric ozone

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Dynamics of the Stratospheric Semiannual Oscillation

Dynamics of the Stratospheric Semiannual Oscillation

Odd oxygen formation in the laser irradiation of O₂ at 248 nm: Evidence for reactions of O₂ in the Herzberg states with ground state O₂

Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II‐Umkehr ozone profile comparisons

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

An analysis of the annual cycle in upper stratospheric ozone

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Dynamics of the Stratospheric Semiannual Oscillation

Dynamics of the Stratospheric Semiannual Oscillation

Odd oxygen formation in the laser irradiation of O2 at 248 nm: Evidence for reactions of O2 in the Herzberg states with ground state O2

Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II‐Umkehr ozone profile comparisons

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Odd oxygen formation in the laser irradiation of O₂ at 248 nm: Evidence for reactions of O₂ in the Herzberg states with ground state O₂