An Analogue Study of Therapist Empathic Process: Working With Difference.

Meta‐Analysis of the Effects of Peer‐Administered Psychosocial Interventions on Symptoms of Depression

“…Others have reported similar effects across different targets of empathy, including fear of darkness, fear of abandonment, and loss of a pet (Eklund et al 2009), and pregnancy (Hodges et al 2010). Furthermore, it appears that therapists are no exception: They reported experiencing greater empathy in response to fictional clients if they were able to generate ''reference points'' from their own experiences that were in some way similar to the clients' (Hatcher et al 2005).…”

Medir a empatia: Adaptação portuguesa do Índice de Reactividade Interpessoal

“…Trata-se do Índice de Reactividade Interpessoal (em inglês, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, IRI), que se tornou uma das medidas mais utilizadas para medir a empatia (e.g., Alterman, McDermott, Cacciola, & Rutherford, 2003;Cliffordson, 2001;Pulos, Elison, & Lennon, 2004), e isto em diversas áreas: em psicologia social (Chartrand & Bargh, 1999), psicologia criminal (Beven, O'Brien-Malone, & Hall, 2004), psicoterapia (Hatcher et al, 2005) e psicopatologia (Haker & Rössler, 2009); em psicologia da linguagem (Ibrahim, Eviatar, & Leikin, 2008) e psicologia diferencial (Paterson, Reniers, & Völlm, 2009); em neuropsicologia (Shamay-Tsoory et al, 2004) e, mais recentemente, neurociência social (Raposo, Vicens, Clithero, Dobbins, & Huettel, 2010). Existem também versões da escala em diversas línguas e contextos culturais: em espanhol (Pérez-Albéniz, Paúl, Etxeberría, Montes, & Torres, 2003;ver também Escrivá, Navarro, & García, 2004), italiano (Albiero, Ingoglia, & Coco, 2006), holandês (De Corte et al, 2007) e até uma versão chinesa (Siu & Shek, 2005).…”

Perspective Taking and Empathy: Does Having Similar Past Experience to Another Person Make It Easier to Take Their Perspective?

“…In the study by Smith and Frieze (2003) both trait perspective taking (e.g., "I find it easy to take the perspective of a rape victim") and empathic emotion (e.g., "Hearing about someone who has been raped makes me feel that person's upset") were measured. Other studies, however, such as Hatcher et al's (2005) investigation of therapist perceptions of similarity between their own personal experiences and those of hypothetical clients have not observed an association between past experience and empathic response (measured in that study as degree of perspective taking and empathic concern demonstrated in participant narratives). In qualitative investigations of other past experiences, participants have reported that their strategies for taking the perspective of vignette characters involved reflecting on similar past experiences and imagining how they would feel in the other's situation (Van Boven & Loewenstein, 2003).…”

“…However, the lack of significant findings in Hatcher et al's (2005) study of therapist empathy and similar past experience suggests that the effects of the use of past experience may be influenced by both other personal characteristics (e.g., degree of trait empathy) and professional requirements for distance and lack of self-disclosure (see Peternelj-Taylor & Yonge, 2003;Rogers, 1957).…”