An Amperometric Microsensor for the Determination of H<sub>2</sub>S in Aquatic Environments

Jeroschewski, Paul; Steuckart, C; Kühl, Michael

doi:10.1021/ac960091b

Cited by 344 publications

(374 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Microprofiles were recorded with H 2 S, pH and O 2 microsensors (Unisense, Aarhus, Denmark) as previously described (Revsbech and Jorgensen, 1986;Revsbech, 1989;Jeroschewski et al, 1996). One set of profiles was recorded in each of the three incubated cores as well as in the control core per time point.…”

Section: Microsensor Profiling and Flux Estimationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Succession of cable bacteria and electric currents in marine sediment

et al. 2014

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Filamentous Desulfobulbaceae have been reported to conduct electrons over centimetre-long distances, thereby coupling oxygen reduction at the surface of marine sediment to sulphide oxidation in sub-surface layers. To understand how these 'cable bacteria' establish and sustain electric conductivity, we followed a population for 53 days after exposing sulphidic sediment with initially no detectable filaments to oxygen. After 10 days, cable bacteria and electric currents were established throughout the top 15 mm of the sediment, and after 21 days the filament density peaked with a total length of 2 km cm À 2 . Cells elongated and divided at all depths with doubling times over the first 10 days of o20 h. Active, oriented movement must have occurred to explain the separation of O 2 and H 2 S by 15 mm. Filament diameters varied from 0.4-1.7 lm, with a general increase over time and depth, and yet they shared 16S rRNA sequence identity of 498%. Comparison of the increase in biovolume and electric current density suggested high cellular growth efficiency. While the vertical expansion of filaments continued over time and reached 30 mm, the electric current density and biomass declined after 13 and 21 days, respectively. This might reflect a breakdown of short filaments as their solid sulphide sources became depleted in the top layers of the anoxic zone. In conclusion, cable bacteria combine rapid and efficient growth with oriented movement to establish and exploit the spatially separated half-reactions of sulphide oxidation and oxygen consumption.

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Section: Microsensor Profiling and Flux Estimationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…was calculated from parallel H 2 S and pH profiles (Jeroschewski et al, 1996). [HS À ] was calculated as the difference between P H 2 S and the measured concentration of H 2 S, as [S 2 À ] is negligible at the pH range observed in the sulphidic zones (o8).…”

Section: Microsensor Profiling and Flux Estimationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Succession of cable bacteria and electric currents in marine sediment

et al. 2014

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“…Microsensors O 2 , pH and H 2 S microsensors with a tip diameter of 10-80 μm and response time of o1 s were built, calibrated and used as described previously (Revsbech, 1989;Jeroschewski et al, 1996;de Beer et al, 1997). Calibration of the H 2 S microsensors was performed in acidified spring water (pHo2) to which NaS 2 was added stepwise.…”

Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and function of natural sulphide-oxidizing microbial mats under dynamic input of light and chemical energy

et al. 2015

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We studied the interaction between phototrophic and chemolithoautotrophic sulphide-oxidizing microorganisms in natural microbial mats forming in sulphidic streams. The structure of these mats varied between two end-members: one characterized by a layer dominated by large sulphur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB; mostly Beggiatoa-like) on top of a cyanobacterial layer (B/C mats) and the other with an inverted structure (C/B mats). C/B mats formed where the availability of oxygen from the water column was limited (o5 μM). Aerobic chemolithotrophic activity of the SOB depended entirely on oxygen produced locally by cyanobacteria during high light conditions. In contrast, B/C mats formed at locations where oxygen in the water column was comparatively abundant (445 μM) and continuously present. Here SOB were independent of the photosynthetic activity of cyanobacteria and outcompeted the cyanobacteria in the uppermost layer of the mat where energy sources for both functional groups were concentrated. Outcompetition of photosynthetic microbes in the presence of light was facilitated by the decoupling of aerobic chemolithotrophy and oxygenic phototrophy. Remarkably, the B/C mats conserved much less energy than the C/B mats, although similar amounts of light and chemical energy were available. Thus ecosystems do not necessarily develop towards optimal energy usage. Our data suggest that, when two independent sources of energy are available, the structure and activity of microbial communities is primarily determined by the continuous rather than the intermittent energy source, even if the time-integrated energy flux of the intermittent energy source is greater.

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“…Microsensors for pH, O 2 and H 2 S were used, and sensors were calibrated as previously described (Revsbech and Ward, 1983;Jeroschewski et al, 1996;de Beer et al, 1997). The total sulfide (H 2 S þ HS À þ S 2À ) was calculated from the H 2 S concentrations and the local pH using equilibrium constants.…”

Section: Microsensor Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel observations of Thiobacterium, a sulfur-storing Gammaproteobacterium producing gelatinous mats

et al. 2010

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The genus Thiobacterium includes uncultivated rod-shaped microbes containing several spherical grains of elemental sulfur and forming conspicuous gelatinous mats. Owing to the fragility of mats and cells, their 16S ribosomal RNA genes have not been phylogenetically classified. This study examined the occurrence of Thiobacterium mats in three different sulfidic marine habitats: a submerged whale bone, deep-water seafloor and a submarine cave. All three mats contained massive amounts of Thiobacterium cells and were highly enriched in sulfur. Microsensor measurements and other biogeochemistry data suggest chemoautotrophic growth of Thiobacterium. Sulfide and oxygen microprofiles confirmed the dependence of Thiobacterium on hydrogen sulfide as energy source. Fluorescence in situ hybridization indicated that Thiobacterium spp. belong to the Gammaproteobacteria, a class that harbors many mat-forming sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. Further phylogenetic characterization of the mats led to the discovery of an unexpected microbial diversity associated with Thiobacterium.

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An Amperometric Microsensor for the Determination of H₂S in Aquatic Environments

Cited by 344 publications

References 23 publications

Succession of cable bacteria and electric currents in marine sediment

Succession of cable bacteria and electric currents in marine sediment

Structure and function of natural sulphide-oxidizing microbial mats under dynamic input of light and chemical energy

Novel observations of Thiobacterium, a sulfur-storing Gammaproteobacterium producing gelatinous mats

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An Amperometric Microsensor for the Determination of H2S in Aquatic Environments

Cited by 344 publications

References 23 publications

Succession of cable bacteria and electric currents in marine sediment

Succession of cable bacteria and electric currents in marine sediment

Structure and function of natural sulphide-oxidizing microbial mats under dynamic input of light and chemical energy

Novel observations of Thiobacterium, a sulfur-storing Gammaproteobacterium producing gelatinous mats

Contact Info

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An Amperometric Microsensor for the Determination of H₂S in Aquatic Environments