An amperometric-enzymatic method for assays of inorganic phosphate and adenosine deaminase in serum based on the measurement of uric acid with a dialysis membrane-covered carbon electrode

Poly(pyrrole‐co‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxylic acid)/Pyruvate Oxidase Based Biosensor for Phosphate: Determination of the Potential, and Application in Streams

“…Phosphate determination with an enzymatic biosensor is based on multi/mono‐enzymatic reactions where phosphate acts as substrate and inhibitor . Several enzyme pairs such as pyruvate oxidase and maltose phosphorylase, alkaline phosphatase and glucose oxidase , purine nucleoside phosphorylase and xanthine oxidase , mutarotase and glucose oxidase , phosphoglucomutase and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase , have been used for this purpose . In the multi‐enzyme systems, generally, the product of the first enzymatic reaction is substrate of the second one.…”

A potentiometric phosphate biosensor based on entrapment of pyruvate oxidase in a polypyrrole film

“…Various enzymatic biosensors for the detection of phosphate have also been developed [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] and have been extensively reviewed. 1,4,12,17 The construction of phosphate biosensors has, in particular, been based on mono-or multi-enzymatic reactions where phosphate acts as an inhibitor or substrate.…”

Quantitative exploration of the contribution of settlement, growth, dispersal and grazing to the accumulation of natural marine biofilms on antifouling and fouling-release coatings

“…The chemistry for phosphate detection follows the protocols of Ungerer et al (1993) and Kinoshita et al (1995) but with the following modifications. The microelectrode sensor was designed around a 25μm carbon fiber, inserted through and bonded into a 30μm tip pipette (Smith et al 1999, Porterfield et al 2001).…”

“…This was then incubated for another two days in an aquarium containing natural seawater spiked with inosine at a final concentration of 8 mmol L -1 , which acts as a co-substrate for the reaction described by Ungerer et al (1993) and Kinoshita et al (1995). The coupon, which had become coated with a microbial biofilm of approximately 300 to 500 μm in thickness, was transferred to the experimental platform equipped with a custom-made, temperature-controlled, stirred reservoir that held the coupon in place under approximately 100 mL of seawater, and allowed the incubation to proceed while being directly observed via the Zeiss microscope.…”